Colorado Space Grant Consortium Gateway To Space ASEN 1400 / ASTR 2500 Class #3 Gateway To Space ASEN 1400 / ASTR 2500 Class #3 T-88

-Announcements -Next Time -One Minute Report Questions -Questions -Spacecraft Overview Part I -Really and Truly the Foundation for the Class Today:

-What did you think of Jim? -Anyone here for the first time? -Attendance Sheet + Questions on Laptop -Pictures – Who hasn’t had their picture taken -No new HW assigned today Announcements:

-Meeting tonight

- Space Grant Open House -Interviews? -Likely to projects will come out of this class -HASP 2013 and RocketSat 9 -Both launch in summer Both will lead to paid positions in summer 2013 Announcements:

-HASP 2012 – From Gateway 2011 Announcements:

-HASP 2012 – From Gateway 2011 Announcements:

-HASP 2012 – From Gateway 2011 Announcements:

Colorado Space Grant Consortium Next Time… Spacecraft Overview – Part 2 BalloonSat Overview - HW 01 Due - HW 02 Due Next Time… Spacecraft Overview – Part 2 BalloonSat Overview - HW 01 Due - HW 02 Due

-Do we pick our teams and what size are they? -Confused about what we do on team days? -Would I go to Mars if I had the chance? -When is the first assignment due and how do I get them? -What specific item will we cover the most in this class? -How do we make the final project? -Can I send mac files instead of microsoft files? -How do we go about creating our satellite? -Where did Hanz come from? -How much workload will we have? One Minute Reports: ( )

-Can we do our volunteering through other clubs (Engineering Without Boarders) or Space Grant -Any projects aside from BalloonSat? -Will there be any field trips? -Just space or any aeronautics? -How do you pronounce Koehler and what do we call you? -To what extent do we need to know about satellites? -Will we really learn what some of those equations are? One Minute Reports: ( )

-Do you think there is life in the saltwater of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn? -What did Jim for these missions? -Are there still any manned missions into space? Has NASA been permanently shut down? -How much does this all cost? -What are the most important missions we might work on when we enter the industry? -Is Pluto a planet or not? -Why will it take Curoisty 2 years to climb Mt. Sharp? -Do we ever miss the timing on intercepting a planet? One Minute Reports: ( )

-Is there a worry that spacecraft may affect the orbits or the smaller bodies? -Is it possible to build a colony on the moon? -How do satellites get through the asteroid belt? -Why did they change the way they landed Curoisity? -Have they ever found a worm hole thing? -How do spaceships and satellites return to Earth? -Why are we going back to the Apollo style system? -What kind of people is NASA looking for for the next manned missions? One Minute Reports: ( )

-How do you make sure the satellites get into Mars orbit not just slam into the planet? -How do they deal with the 14 minute delay on Mars Missions? -Why was there no updated pictures of Uranus and Neptune? -I’d like to see the rest of the videos. One Minute Reports: ( )

Colorado Space Grant Consortium Questions?

Colorado Space Grant Consortium Spacecraft Overview Part I Class #3 Spacecraft Overview Part I Class #3

17 Background image taken at 100,000 feet by a student BalloonSat Updates Since We Last Met (November 4, 2009) Updates Since We Last Met (November 4, 2009)

Spacecraft Subsystems: PowerComm Project Management Structures Thermal ADCSC&DH MOPSGround Ops Education Web ScienceSoftware Systems Engineering Teamwork

Spacecraft Subsystems: PowerComm Project Management Structures Thermal ADCSC&DH MOPSGround Ops Education Web ScienceSoftware Systems Engineering Systems You will have on your BalloonSat

SDO is a sun-pointing semi-autonomous spacecraft that will allow nearly continuous observations of the Sun with a continuous science data downlink rate of 130 Megabits per second (Mbps). The spacecraft is 4.5 meters high and over 2 meters on each side, weighing a total of 3100 kg (fuel included). SDO's inclined geosynchronous orbit was chosen to allow continuous observations of the Sun and enable its exceptionally high data rate through the use of a single dedicated ground station. Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Launched Feb 11, 2010 Sun in ultraviolet

Mars Odyssey Launched: April 7, 2001 MOI: October 24, 2001 Controlled from Denver, CO Major Instruments: Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Odyssey Photos - Melas

Landing sites on opposite sides of Mars. The mission was planned to last for 90 days each. The rovers were designed to travel up to 350 feet each Martian day, or sol (approximately 24 hours, 37 minutes). Size: Golf Cart Size / 400 pounds Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech video

To take pictures from space with this… Say I Wanted You... - How would you do it?

- Take a picture? - Power the camera? - Record the images? - Get the image? - Save the image? - Take an image of what? - Frequency of pictures? - Get pictures from space? - Point the camera? - I know it will work? - Keep it cool? - Cost? How… - C&DH/Software - EPS - C&DH/Software - COMM - C&DH/Software - Orbit/ADCS - Orbit - Launch vehicle - Structures/Mechanisms - Integration/Test - Thermal - Management The answers to these questions make up most spacecraft systems

- What does he want to take pictures of, how often, and when? - What type of orbit would it need to be in? - How long would it take to get it to orbit? - How long would it have to work? - How do you know it will work when it gets there? - How much would it cost and how much would it weigh? - What would you have to worry about? - What would you need? Questions Your Team Should Ask?

- Launch Vehicle - Temperature Control System - Communication System - Command and Data System - Structure and Mechanisms - Power System - Attitude System - Software - Propulsion System What Do You Need? - Schedule - Budget - Plan - Testing - Reliability - Operators - People, People, People - Organization - Cash

- Radiation - Temperature Extremes - Vacuum of Space - Atmospheric Drag - Cleanliness - Launch Loads - Shock - Power - Mission Life What To Worry About? - Autonomy - Cash - Pointing - Schedule - Weight

1. Mission – Thus the Mission Requirements (#7) 2. Orbit Selection 3. Launch Vehicle 4. Everything else - Structures, Interfaces, and Mechanisms - Power & Thermal - C&DH/Software - Communications - ADCS - MOPS - Other The Process: (Chris’s Process)

Remember Me?

- Do you want to take picture of Boulder every day? - At the same time? - As many times as possible per day? - Pick orbit right up front Different Types of Orbits - Polar Orbits - LEO - GEO - Different altitudes and inclinations - Sun Synchronous Orbits - STK (Satellite Tool Kit) Orbit Selection: (#19 & #20)

-Then pick launch vehicle based on your orbit needs -Weight needs -Cost needs -Certain launch vehicles can’t go to all orbits Launch Vehicle: (#15)

-Your launch vehicle helps direct your structure design -Volume, CG, and weight constraints -Launch loads and shock issues associated with LV -Interface constraints -Vibration constraints Structure: (#25)

Structure:

-The whole purpose of the structure is to support the payload -Then the other systems -Composites - Honeycomb -Aluminum - Plate - Isogrid -Titanium -Stainless Steel Structure:

-Design vs. Implementation Structure:

- In addition to structure you have mechanisms - People are afraid of mechanisms - Two types, deployment and payload support - They usually are single point failures - Hard to test on ground as they are used in space - Mast example (Special Programs, Balloon) - KC-135 Boom Video Mechanisms:

Questions?

Colorado Space Grant Consortium Gateway To Space ASEN 1400 / ASTR 2500 Class #4 Gateway To Space ASEN 1400 / ASTR 2500 Class #4 T-86

-Announcements -Next Time -One Minute Report Questions (in 3 minutes or less) -Questions -Spacecraft Overview Part II -Really and Truly the Foundation for the Class Today:

-About last time… -Traveling September 20 th … -Syllabus changes coming Announcements:

Colorado Space Grant Consortium Next Time… Rest of BalloonSat Overview Hopefully… Team Forming Next Time… Rest of BalloonSat Overview Hopefully… Team Forming

-Live and in three minutes One Minute Reports: ( )

HoursMinutesSeconds One Minute Reports

HoursMinutesSeconds One Minute Reports

HoursMinutesSeconds One Minute Reports

von Braun:

Spacecraft Subsystems: PowerComm Project Management Structures Thermal ADCSC&DH MOPSGround Ops Education Web ScienceSoftware Systems Engineering Teamwork

Questions?

- Deployment failures usually are mission ending - Spacecraft design try to minimize mechanisms - Deployment mechanisms are the biggest concern - Pointing mechanisms are less of an issue Mechanisms:

- Think of it as an internet connection - Data rates are similar - Can only connect for 10 minutes (pass time) - This can vary based on orbit - Transmitter (TX) - Receiver (RX) - Antennas (TX, RX, and Ground) - Sometimes modems and TNC - TX are big power hogs but usually not on all the time - Cell phone technology - IP technology Communication:

The Job

-Attitude Determination and Control System -Driving a car on a mountain pass at night without headlights and no tires -Some determination can be done on ground - Determination Systems - Star Trackers, Magnetometer, Sun Sensors Horizon/Limb Sensors ADCS: (#21) +Zst +Yst +Xst

-Controls Systems - Torque Rods, Momentum Wheel, Thrusters, gyros, booms - A lot of software and control laws ADCS:

-There is high likelihood of power being the reason a satellite fails -Miniature power plant -Most spacecraft use less power than a 300 W light bulb -Very complicated system -Batteries Power: (#29)

-Solar cells -Charging circuits -Distribution system -Control system -Conversion system Power:

- Is limiting factor on long missions - Station keeping - Attitude Control - Delta V burns (orbit maneuvers) - Atmospheric Drag - Different types - Mono-propellant - Bi-propellant - Cold Gas - Ion Propulsion: (#18)

- Can make or break a system literally - Three types of thermal control: Active, Passive, Do Nothing - Active - Heaters, heat pipes, thermostats, cryogenics - Passive - Radiators, insulation, surface finishes, conductive materials - Do Nothing - Usually a combination of first two Thermal:

- Thermal Modeling Thermal:

-Command and Data Handling -The brain of a satellite -Is pretty dumb without software -Basically a home computer but much smaller and less of a power hog -Very difficult system, many unknowns and bugs C&DH:

-Consists of: - Motherboard or CPU - Firmware - Storage device or medium- Sub-nets or sub processors - Many sensors- Many interface boards C&DH:

-ATMega32 Microprocessor -2 MB Flash Memory PSI Pressure Sensor -3-Axis Acceleration -Temperature Sensor -In-System-Programming -Power Regulation

C&DH:

-Programmers are worth weight in gold -Days of Voyager spacecraft are over -Today, satellites are very complex and so is the software Software:

-Software is usually last thing done -Last minute fixes are very dangerous Software:

- “Houston, we have a problem” - MOPS is the command center of the satellite Mission Operations:

- All human interaction occurs through this team - Much coordination is required to properly operate satellite - Failure modes determined FMEA - Data storage and analysis - All communication is done through MOPS - Usually staffed 24/7 Mission Operations (MOPS):

- Management - Systems Engineering - Budgets - Contracts - Planners - Manufacturers & Technicians - Test Engineers Other:

Anatomy of a Satellite:

Colorado Space Grant Consortium Questions?