CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN CHALLENGE Engineering Design and Problem Solving

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Introduction/Description  The Final Design Challenge will allow students to demonstrate mastery of the engineering design process (EDP) by creating their own unique engineering problem scenario and developing a solution for their problem.  You will complete hand-drawn or CADD diagrams and drawings to scale, build a scale model, write a 10-page paper on the topic, and present a 30-minute multimedia exhibition of your work. 2

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Chapter 5: Outline 3 1.Introduction to Engineering Drawing 2.Dimensioning and Tolerance

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Objectives and Results Objectives  Develop a problem scenario and design a solution using the engineering design process.  Demonstrate understanding of scale diagrams and drawings. 4

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Objectives and Results, cont. Objectives  Design and build a model or prototype.  Write a 10-page research paper using proper grammar, spelling, mechanics, and reference citations.  Present information and findings in a 30-minute multimedia exhibition. 5

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Schedule of Assignments 6 Class Period(s) Topic(s)ReadingAssignment 1-2 The Engineering Design Process- quick review Student background of the Final Design Challenge (FDC) Vocabulary Chapter#1-Individual; Final Design Handouts, Vocabulary work 3-12 Scenario development Chapter#2-In teams of 2-3; Create a scenario, and complete the communication and presentation of your scenario (Major) Scale diagrams and drawings Chapter#3-In teams of 2-3; Do drawings either by hand or in CADD for your project and build your scale model (Major) Model: design and build Chapter#4-In teams of 2-3; Apply the engineering design process to the scenario given; complete the model for your design following the rubric given (Major)

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Schedule of Assignments, cont. 7 Class Period(s) Topic(s)ReadingAssignment Paper: research and write Chapter#5-In teams of 2-3; Apply the engineering design process to the scenario given; complete a research paper following the rubric given (Major) Multimedia exhibitions Presentations: research, create, and practice Chapter#6-In teams of 2-3; Apply the engineering design process to the scenario given; complete the communication and presentation of your design following the rubric given (Major) Multimedia exhibitions Presentations Shared with peers and public Chapter#7-In teams of 2-3; Apply the engineering design process to the scenario given; deliver the multimedia presentation of your design following the rubric given (Major)

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Vocabulary  Model  Multimedia  Presentation  Research/Technical Paper  Technical Drawing  Visual Aids 8

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Engineering Problems and Solutions 9  Often, engineers encounter problems and must solve these problems using the engineering design process.  You and your teammates will be solving similar issues, by creating scenarios and addressing the crucial elements of the engineering design process.  Discuss the engineering problem examples on the next four slides and how these situations could have been avoided.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Example #1: Leaning Tower of Pisa 10  One of the most famous engineering errors is obvious in this bell tower in the Italian city of Pisa.  Due to environmental factors that were not considered carefully, the tower leans at a 10-degree angle from perpendicular due to soil compression and inadequate foundation work.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Example #2: Petronas Towers 11  This feat of engineering was almost a disaster.  Test boreholes found the original construction site effectively sat on the edge of a cliff.  One half of the site was decayed limestone and the other half was soft rock.  The entire site was moved 200 feet to allow the buildings to sit entirely on the soft rock.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Example #3: Saint Francis Dam 12  A series of small reservoirs were built in the 1920s to provide Los Angeles with a water supply in the event of a drought or damage to the aqueduct.  After several design modifications, the dam was constructed differently than it was originally designed.  The dam failed catastrophically in 1928.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Example #4: Tacoma Narrows Bridge 13  Slender, elegant and graceful, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge stretched like a beautiful steel band across Puget Sound.  The suspension bridge opened on July 1, Only four months later, the great span's short life ended in disaster. "Galloping Gertie,” as it was tragically nicknamed, collapsed in a windstorm on Nov. 7, 1940.collapsed  The bridge is known as "the most dramatic failure in bridge engineering history."

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Introduction to Student Scenario 14 This sample scenario should only be used as a guide for your teams to create your scenarios.  Your design team is part of an environmental civil engineering firm that is bidding on a new project to select and propose an alternative energy source to a remote property.  The client just purchased a property on the Baja Peninsula in California. The property is one of the few privately owned waterfronts in the area and it is surrounded by a pristine wildlife sanctuary on one side and ocean on the other.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Creating a Scale Drawing 15  A scale drawing is a drawing that shows a real object with accurate sizes.  The sizes are reduced or enlarged by a certain amount (the scale).  The example drawing below has a scale of "1:10."

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Scale Drawing and Ratios 16  A map cannot be of the same size as the area it represents, therefore, a ratio is used.  Scale of a drawing = drawing length:actual length  A scale is usually expressed in one of two ways:  using units 1 cm to 1 km 1” = 1’  using no specific measurements. 1:100,000 1:10

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Scale Drawing in Architecture 17

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Engineering Drawing 18

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Scale Drawing Practice 19  Create a scale model of your classroom and some of the items found in the classroom, such as desks and chairs.  Complete scale drawings for your project.  Follow your instructor’s directions to complete either hand-drawn or CAD drawings of your project according to the scenario, team project outline, and rubric.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Scale Models 20 A scale model is a physical model that is an accurate representation of an object or structure.  It maintains the related proportions, or the scale, of the physical size of the original object.  The scale model can be larger or smaller than the actual object.  Usually, the scale model is used as a guide to making the full-sized object.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Scale Model Examples 21  A model is a three-dimensional (3-D) alternative to a two-dimensional (2-D) representation.  An example of a scale 3-D model versus a scale drawing is a globe, which is the 3-D alternative to a flat 2-D world map.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Scale Model Display 22 This scale model of the Gemini Space Module is on display as part of a NASA exhibit at the George Bush International Airport in Houston, Texas.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Scale Model Process 23 From Scale Model To Construction To Completed Building

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Creating a Scale Model 24 Much like creating a scale drawing, when creating a scale model, you have to consider certain crucial design components, such as  measurements (e.g., length, height, width, depth),  real life applications,  design constraints,  design requirements,  materials, and  scale. Scale Model Building

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Overview of CAD 25  Computer-aided drafting or computer-aided design (CAD), also known as computer-aided design and drafting (CADD), has changed the way we design and engineer products.  CAD or CADD is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.  Computer-aided drafting describes the process of creating a technical scale drawing with the use of specially designed computer software.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. CAD 26  According to the project and scenario specifications, CAD should involve more than just drawing the basics.  Just like in hand drafting or drawing of technical and engineering diagrams, your CAD/CADD print- outs should include additional information, such as  materials,  processes,  dimensions,  scale, and  tolerances.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. CAD, cont. 27

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Scenario Creations 28 In teams, create your scenario for the final design project.  Address the following components: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? How Much?  Get approval for your scenario from your instructor.  Create a design, model, and prototype.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Scale Drawings 29  Using hand-drawings or CADD software, the students will design and build their scale model and prototype.  Each group should be prepared to present the following to the instructor and class: 1. Problem statement and how they solved the problem, using the engineering design process 2. Scenario 3. Original design of the system 4. Working model of the system

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Build a Scale Model 30  It is important to understand scale, when building a model.  Consider the most appropriate materials for your scale model.  Use the rubric as a guide, as you build your scale model.  Choose whether you will build a scale model or a prototype.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Research Paper 31  Write a 5-page research-based paper about your solar energy home design.  Be sure to include the following components:  Scenario  Design  Check grading rubric provided.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Final Design Presentation 32  Present a 30-minute multimedia exhibition of your work.  See the grading rubric for more specific grading criteria.  View the some the videos below on public speaking before your presentation: Increasing Self-confidence, Public Speaking Video Public Speaking Tutorial Enhancing Your Presentation Skills

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Credits 33  Images;  Slide 13 Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse video; from YouTube user; Gonzo Nugent  Slide 24 Building scale models video; From YouTube user; Steve Maxwell

Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Credits, cont. 34  Slide 32 How to increase self-confidence in public speaking: from YouTube user; VideoJug Public speaking tutorial; from YouTube user: CamilleValvo; Enhancing your presentation skills; from YouTube user; J Douglas Jeffreys; =1&feature=endscreen