The Animal Cell

The Chloroplast

Chromoplast in Forsythia

Cell Walls

Water transport thru cells

Cellular Development: Mitosis

Early Cellular Development: The seed

The Generic Seedling

Tropical Rain Forest Moist, high temps Consistent year round growth High diversity Some adaptations: –Most plants evergreen –Drip tips –Epiphytes –Waxy leaves

Southeastern mixed forest Nutrient poor and seasonally flooded soils Still warm temps, but lower humidity Both deciduous and evergreen Fire adapted

Temperate Deciduous Forest Too cold/dry in winter to support much photosynthesis Snow melt allows for rapid growth in spring Very similar to species found in Asia

Taiga Limited by temperature Acidic soils Mostly evergreen trees

Grasslands Temperature extremes, too dry and too much fire to support forest Few trees, mostly grasses and forbs C3 and C4 grasses: dominance determined by temp and water Very little original prairie left

Hot Desert Hot, dry Mostly cacti, shrubs, grasses Slow growing vegetation Adaptations: –Water stress –CAM photosynthesis –Protection against herbivory

West Coast biomes

Communities: Groups of interacting organisms in a given place

Which organisms do plants interact with? Positive interactions: –Pollinators –Seed dispersers –Nitrogen fixing bacteria and fungi –Animals that prey upon herbivores Negative Interactions –Herbivores –Fungi –Pathogens

Lab: How are plants adapted to their particular environments? What adaptive trait do you see? How is this an adaptation to this plant’s environment?