Kingdom Protista

Protist Characteristics 200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, and colors eukaryotes All are eukaryotes – have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Most are aerobic and single celled All live in a moist environment

Kingdom Protista Protists are grouped into three major phyla based on their nutritional needs. 1. Animal-like, the protozoa 2. Plant-like, the algae 3. Fungus-like, the moulds

1. Animal-Like: The Protozoans Heterotrophs Heterotrophs – they ingest or absorb other organisms or dead organic matter Unicellular Unicellular C Classified based on how they move and where they live: A) Flagellates B) Pseudopods C) Cilates D) Sporozoans, primarily parasites

1A) Flagellates: the motorboats Also called zooflagellates Free-living in fresh water or marine habitats flagella Have a whip-like extension called a flagella to move Some cause diseases, including:  Giardia lamblia, which causes upset stomachs and diarrhea.

Trichomonas foetus : cow disease

Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD

1B) Pseudopods: the blobs Most are free living, also called sarcodines No cell wall pseudopods Move using pseudopods – plasma extensions Engulf bits of food by phagocytosis which involves flowing around and over food particles Reproduce by binary fission

View Phagocytosis

1C) Ciliates: the hairy ones Live in both fresh water and marine habitats. cilia. Move by beating tiny hairs called cilia. Typically reproduce via binary fission, but can also reproduce sexually by conjugation Typically reproduce via binary fission, but can also reproduce sexually by conjugation

1D) Sporozoans: the parasites Non-motile Non-motile - Do not move on their own. host Must live inside a host malaria One type causes malaria

Malaria in red blood cells

2. Plant-Like: The Algae Autotrophic - photosynthetic Can be unicellular, multicellular or live in colonies There are four main groups: A)Algae B)Euglena C) Diatoms D) Dinoflagellates

2A)Algae Are either unicellular or multicellular Are either unicellular or multicellular Are photosynthetic Are photosynthetic chlorophyll Each has chlorophyll Can be red, green or brown Can be red, green or brown No roots, stems, or leaves

2B) Euglena Aquatic Move around like animals Photosynthetic in light Heterotrophic in dark Reproduce asexually by binary fission

2C) Diatoms Have shells made of silica, so are glass-like carotenoids Photosynthetic pigment called carotenoids – give them a golden color

2D) Dinoflagellates Spin around using two flagella Responsible for Red Tides Create toxins that can kill animals and sometimes people

3. Fungus-Like: The Moulds Heterotrophic - feed on dead plants and animals Live in cool, damp habitats Have cell walls Reproduce with spores There are two main groups a) Slime Moulds b) Water Moulds

That’s All

References sts.html