Protists The world of Protists: Animal-like Protists Plant-like Protists Fungus-like Protists

Kingdom Protista Cell Number: Mostly single-celled, some colonial Cell Type: Eukaryotic (has a nucleus and organelles) Feeding: Hetero or autotrophic Reproduction: Mostly asexual Summary: Single-Celled Eukaryotes

Protist Diversity 200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, and colors All are eukaryotes – have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Reproduce sexually or asexually

Protozoans Animal-like Protists

Protozoans Unicellular – made up of one cell Heterotrophs – they eat other organisms or dead organic matter Classified by how they move

Amoebas Flagellates Ciliates Sporazoans Phyla of Protozoans Amoebas Flagellates Ciliates Sporazoans

Amoebas: the blobs No cell wall Move using pseudopods – plasma extensions or “fake feet” (draw picture) Engulf bits of food by phagocytosis

Flagellates: the motorboats Use a flagella – a whip like tail to move (draw one) Some cause diseases

Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD

Ciliates: the hairy ones Move with cilia – tiny beating hairs (draw one)

Sporazoans: the parasite Non-motile - Do not move Live inside a host One type causes malaria

Malaria in red blood cells

Algae Plantlike Protists

What are Algae? Colonial– made of more than one cell, but can live singularly Photosynthetic – make their own food No roots, stems, or leaves Each has chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments

Euglenoids Diatoms Dinoflagellates Red, Brown, & Green Algae Phyla of Algae Euglenoids Diatoms Dinoflagellates Red, Brown, & Green Algae

Euglenoids: The Survivors Aquatic Move around like animals Can ingest food from surroundings when light is not available

Diatoms: The Golden Ones Have shells made of silica (glass) Photosynthetic pigment called carotenoids – give them a golden color

Dinoflagellates: The Spinning Ones Spin around using two flagella Responsible for Red Tides Create toxins that can kill animals and sometimes people

Red Algae: The…uh…Red Ones (duh) Seaweeds marine organisms Have red and blue pigments

Brown Algae: The Brown Ones (You think?) They have air bladders to help them float at the surface – where the light is.

Green Algae: Yeah, You Guessed it, The Green Ones Most live in fresh water Live alone or in groups called colonies Ancestor to land plants

Fungus-like Protists

Characteristics in Common All form delicate, netlike structures on the surface of their food source, mold-like Obtain energy by decomposing organic material

Phyla of Fungus-like Protists Plasmodium Slime Molds Cellular Slime Molds Water Molds & Downy Mildews

Slime Molds Live in cool moist, shady places where they grow on damp, organic matter

Plasmodium Slime Molds Form plasmodium: a mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes – its feeding stage Creeps by amoeboid movement – 2.5 cm/hour

Plasmodium continued… May reach more than a meter in diameter Form reproductive structures when surroundings dry up Spores are dispersed by the wind and grow into new plasmodium

Cellular Slime Molds In feeding mode, they exist as individual amoebic cells When food becomes scarce, they come together with thousands of their own kind to reproduce May look like a plasmodium

Water Molds and Downy Mildews Live in water or moist places Feed on dead organisms or parasitize plants Fuzzy white growths

That’s All