Sociology Chapter 19- Religious SECTS

 Orthodox Judaism  Traditional  Believe Torah came through Moses  Believe in 613 commandments that are binding  Ultra traditional live apart from main stream society and dress distinctively in accordance with Jewish law.  Conservative Judaism  Torah transmitted to humans and contains human components  Generally accept Jewish Laws  Believe laws should be adapted with culture

 Reform Judaism  Liberal  Does not accept Jewish law as binding  Maintains most ethic and morals  Reconstructionist Judaism  Most liberal  “evolving religious civilization”  Observe laws, but see them as valuable cultural remnants  Doesn’t believe God chose the Jewish people

 Started in the Holy Roman Empire  Great Schism (Split)  Roman Catholic↔ Greek Orthodox  1517 Protestant Reformation- rebellion against Roman Catholic Church  Protestants ↔ Catholics  Protestants – reject the popes authority, believe the bible only source of truth, no indulgences, no confession  Catholics- God appoints Pope and speaks through pope, confession, indulgences, and sacraments apart of salvation

 Protestant Branch lead by Martin Luther will split into many smaller sects based on interpretations of the bible based on interpretations of the bible  Lutherans- bible only source of truth  Calvinists- believe in predestination  Anabaptists- against infant baptism  Amish  Mennonite  Baptist  Anglican- Church of England- Henry VIII  Methodist  Puritans

 2 Major Sects- at time of Muhammad's death  Sunni-  Believe Caliph is chosen  Geography- Most of the Middle East and Northern Africa  1.1 Billion- 90%

 Shiite- (Shia)  Leader of Muslims should be a descendant of Muhammad  Largest population in present day Iran and Pakistan  120 million, 10% of population Missionary Muslims spreading the word of Allah and Muhammad  Sufi- Missionary Muslims spreading the word of Allah and Muhammad

 3 major branches- though not sects (no schism)  Share rituals and beliefs, recognize different supreme Gods, differ in how to accomplish afterlife in some small ways  Vaishnavism- Main God Vishnu- the preserver  Largest denomination  1 supreme God who is in all created things  Meditation  Marks U, Y or T  Shaivism- main God Shiva- the Destroyer  In South India and Sri Lanka  1 supreme God  anthropomorphic  Shakitism- main God Shakti- she has 4 forms  Oldest of the Hindu denominations Vishnu

 2 main sects  Theravada↔ Mahayana  Theravada- Orthodox  S. Asia,(Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos)  Follow practices of Buddha  Believe he was a spiritual leader- not God  Afterlife is freedom from suffering  Mahayana  Tibet, China, Japan, Koria  Buddha is a GOD  Idea of salvation for belief in Buddha  More traditions due to influence from Japan and China

 Tibetan Buddhism  Tibet, Nepal, India  Dalai Lama  Incorporate all sects  Faster path to enlightenment  Bodhisattvas- being who have achieved enlightenment and comment themselves to help others  Dalai Lama  High Lama  Reincarnates and must be located  How to find the reincarnate?  Usually high lama finds  2-4 yr. search  Usually in Tibet  Test- smoke blowing in the direction of the chosen, and must under go many tests