As the Church Lost Power, the government gained more. That power shifted to the Monarchs Divine Right of Kings: Belief that God Chooses Kings to rule. “Princes, thus, act as minister of God, and as His lieutenants on earth, it is through them that he acts on His Empire.” BACKGROUND

FRANCE The Monarchs

Originally a Huguenot, but converted to Catholicism for his Country. “Paris is worth a mass!” Edict of Nantes – A Order that guaranteed freedom of worship and political rights. Improved the taxation systems so that nobles paid more. HENRY IV

Son of Henry IV, who was murdered in years old at the time, so his mother ruled in his place. Took over in 1617, exiled mother, killed followers but was sickly and appointed Cardinal Richelieu to rule in his place. LOUIS VIII

Longest reign in French History 72 Years Strong believer in the Absolute power of the King Drained the Treasury by building Versailles. Government lived there, as well as the nobles. Nicknamed the Sun King because his power reached far and wide like the rays of the sun. LOUIS XIV mk

King Louis The XIV believed military power was important. He increased the size of the military to about 400,000 – The most powerful in Europe. Fought 4 wars to expand territory to the Natural Borders. ( Atlantic Ocean, the mountains, and the sea) Struggle for a balance of power. Led to financial strain. WARS OF KING LOUIS XIV

Appointed by Louis the XIV to be a financial advisor. He reformed the tax system so the middle class was not paying the majority of the taxes Made France a leading economic power Increased the military Promoted Colonization in American, Canada, and Africa. Did away with the Edict of Nantes, which led to 200,000 Huguenots fleeing. JEAN-BAPTISTE COLBERT

MONARCHS OF RUSSIA

First to be named Czar of Russia Absolute Power Ruthless Leader Built St. Basils Cathedral &feature=related – part 1 &feature=related – Part eature=related –part 3 eature=related &feature=related –Part 4 &feature=related &NR=1&v=LSSG_L8ujb0 –Part 5 &NR=1&v=LSSG_L8ujb0 IVAN THE TERRIBLE

ST. BASILS CATHEDRAL

Also could be a ruthless leader Visionary for the future of Russia Wanted to step away from isolation, and make Russia more like the rest of Europe. Dressed up as a private citizen to in an attempt to gain European Allies Biggest goal was to get a warm water port for Russia from the Ottomans PETER THE GREAT

RUSSIA UNDER PETER THE GREAT

Failed to gain a warm water port, but through his travels learn a lot about western cultures. Westernized Russia Built St. Petersburg and made it the Capital of Russia, became the symbol of a Westernized Russia Incorporated French Clothing, more rights for women, forced nobles to shave their beards, and even French language. Modernized the army, Balance of Power PETER THE GREAT

Absolute control, including with the Orthodox Church Reformed the Government Service nobility, Noble rank depended on performance in government. Nobles that were high ranking were given more serfs, thus, increasing serfdom. Strong Resentment from the citizens. PETER THE GREAT

Married to Peter III, Peter the Great grandson. Had the nobles kill her husband so she could be the sole ruler of Russia. CATHERINE THE GREAT

Supported the Arts, Sciences, Literature and theater. But these meant nothing to most Russians because they lived in extreme poverty. Wide gap between rich and poor Greatness comes from foreign policy Gained a warm water port with the black sea and the region of Crimea Overall gained over 200,000 square miles for Russia, including colonizing Alaska CATHERINE THE GREAT

MONARCHS OF ENGLAND

Beginning in the 1400s, the Tudors became the English Royal Family Increased the power of England, Balance of Power Henry VII, the first Tudor Ruler. He stabilized England and made it prosperous. Henry VIII Edwards VI, sickly. Only ruled six years. THE HOUSE OF TUDOR

The oldest daughter of Queen Henry VIII, First Reigning Queen of England Devoted Catholic Determined to bring England back to Catholicism Married Phillip II of Spain who helped lead the Counter Reformation in Spain Nicknamed Bloody Mary QUEEN MARY I

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Becomes queen after Mary dies. Born Protestant, strengthens Protestantism. Never Married, Called the Virgin Queen Closet Relative: Mary Queen of Scots, a Catholic. Killed Mary Queen of Scots for plotting to overthrow ELIZABETH I

Defeated the Spanish Armada, a fleet of 130 ships called the invincible Armada. Spain was no longer a threat, and Elizabeth secured her protestant rule. Believed that religious disunity was harmful to England, so she punished those who did not follow Anglican Faith Puritans, Catholics, and other non-Anglican followers had to pay fines. (still better than others) Freedom of Speech in Parliment ELIZABETH I

Queen Elizabeth Dies, doesn’t have a blood heir King James of Scotland became King of England Stuart family, end of the Tudors Smart, but lacked common sense. “Wisest fool in Christendom.” JAMES I

Strong Supporter of the Anglican Church Conflict of the Puritans who wanted reform in the Church Conceded with w new translation of the bible. The King James Bible. At odd with the Parliament, because there were a lot of puritans. Could never raise enough taxes to pay for his programs To try an raise money he sold titles of nobility, granting monopolies, and raising customs and duties. Not liked, Tension against Stuarts explodes under the rule of his son, Charles I. JAMES I