The Protestant Reformation

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Presentation transcript:

The Protestant Reformation 1517 and After

The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter, Greek/Latin The 3 Main Branches Eastern (Greek) Orthodox, since 33 AD Roman Catholic, since 33 AD Protestant, since 1517

Indulgences Sin Temporal versus eternal punishment Penance Abuse of indulgences Leo X and St. Peter’s Basilica Sixtus IV – indulgences for the dead Tetzel -  "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs"

Pre-reformers Jan Hus – Bohemian, protested indulgences, immorality in clergy, burned at stake John Wycliffe – translator of Bible into English

Martin Luther, 1517 German monk Best friend Philip Melancthon 95 Theses in Wittenburg Remained Roman Catholic Gutenburg’s printing press

John Calvin Moved to Geneva from France Very anti-Papal authority Set up own non-Roman Catholic community in Geneva – 1535 Completely changed worship style No mass, no monasteries, no longer Catholic, no singing except Psalms

The Counter Reformation 1517 - Oratory of Divine Love 1545 – Council of Trent called by Pope Paul III Monastic reforms, stricter rules Established Jesuits – militant missionaries (Ignatius Loyola) Inquisition – weed out heresies List of heretical texts

Ignatius Loyola Basque knight, mystical experiences Became monk, traveled to Jerusalem Returned during Counter-Reformation Wrote Spiritual Exercises Highly intellectual and ascetic Founded Jesuits – active missionaries, absolute obedience to Pope

Political Map of Europe during Reformation

Political dimensions German-speaking lands in HRE were the first battleground Northern Europe and Scandinavia turned Lutheran Southern, Central and Western Europe remained mainly Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox did not experience a reformation HRE Charles V versus the Schmalkaldic League 1555 – Peace of Augsburg Only protected Lutherans, not Anabaptists or Calvinists

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