Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov SD is the environmental, economic and social well-being for today and tomorrow. CP551 Sustainable Development (SD) Source: International Institute for Sustainable Development

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Module 1: Components of SD: environment, economy & society Games and group discussions to introduce the need for Sustainable Development in today’s world

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Discussion Point 1: Write a list of what is to be developed and what is to be sustained from your point of view considering your values and beliefs. Take 10 mins.

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov For how long? 25 to 50 years? Now and in the future? Forever? What is to be sustained? Life support Ecosystem services Resources Environment Nature Earth Biodiversity Ecosystems Community Cultures/Groups Places What is to be developed? Economy Wealth Productive sectors Consumption People Life expectancy Education Equity Equal opportunity Society Institutions Social capital States/ Regions

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov ECONOMICS Production & Resourcing Exchange & Transfer Accounting & Regulation Consumption & Use Labour & Welfare Technology & Infrastructure Wealth & Distribution POLITICS Organization & Governance Law & Justice Communication & Movement Representation & Negotiation Security & Accord Dialogue & Reconciliation Ethics & Accountability ECOLOGY CULTURE Materials & Energy Water & Air Flora & Fauna Habitat & Food Place & Space Constructions & Settlements Emission & Waste Engagement & Identity Recreation & Creativity Memory & Projection Belief & Meaning Gender & Generations Enquiry & Learning Health & Wellbeing

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov SD as defined by Brundtland Commission: Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland Former Prime Minister, Norway Former Chair/ World Commission on Environment and Development Responsible for the broad political concept of SD “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“ - “Our Common Future”, 1987

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov It is assumed in the above definition that the state of technology and the social organizations today are unable to meet present and future needs of everyone, including the world’s poor. SD as defined by Brundtland Commission: “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“ - “Our Common Future”, 1987

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Three pillars model of SD (ideal) How do they relate to each other? (Social Equity)

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Discussion Point 2: economic prosperity, environmental protection and social justice (equity). Let us choose anything that help in the economic growth or our well being and discuss it from the point of view of the three pillars of sustainability: economic prosperity, environmental protection and social justice (equity). Take 20 mins.

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Environment Economic Social sustainable Euler diagram of SD Bearable Equitable Viable

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Environment Economic Social sustainable Euler diagram of SD (as we move towards SD) Bearable Equitable Viable

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov As the circles overlaps sustainability is becoming more and more realizable sustainability Environmental protection Economic prosperity Social justice Euler diagram of SD (as we move towards SD)

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Discussion Point 3: Let us identify something that brings the circles of economic prosperity, environmental protection and social justice to overlap on each other. Take 20 mins.

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Nature should be manipulated to make humanity’s existence better Nature helps humanity’s existence and should be treated with respect and humility TechnocentricEcocentric Present economic system is accepted, but considered to require some gradual revision Rapid and fundamental changes in economy and society are desired Sustainable development through rational use of resource, better planning and clean technologies Sustainable development through alternative and appropriate technologies

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Society Environment Economy

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov The Egg of sustainability: ecosystem people International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 1994 Stresses & benefits from ecosystem to people Stresses & benefits from people to ecosystem

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Some landmarks in SD Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 3 – 14 June In the Earth Summit, the World committed to the following: - Development should be sustainable. - Eradicating poverty and reducing disparities in living standards in different parts of the world are essential to achieve sustainable development. Guidelines to achieve the commitment: Agenda 21

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Some landmarks in SD Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 3 – 14 June Other outcomes: - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - and more…..

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) established in Dec 1992 Earth Summit 2002 or World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002 United States did not attend it. Some landmarks in SD

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Rio+20 (United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during June 2012) Some landmarks in SD

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20 Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20 - global population up by 28% - global GDP per capita up by 48% - global GDP up by 89% Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Range of GDP per capita of individual countries (in 2005 PPP $): to 68,800 in to 73,350 in 2011 Wide gap existing between the extremities of the economic status of countries has remained persistently the same over the last twenty years. Number of people living in slums: - increased by 26% million in 1990 to 827 million in 2010 Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20 Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20 CEU: Commercial Energy USE CO2: Carbon Dioxide Emission Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov vertebrate (comprising birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish) populations have declined by 30% since 1970 and a continuing decline is expected. - almost 20% of the vertebrate species are threatened by extinction and the levels of threat are increasing fastest for corals - number of fish species threatened has increased from 5680 in 2010 to 6213 in 2011, which is a 9% increase in a year Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20 Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov An engineering example for unsustainable development