Instead of Bellwork…… 0 Meet with your partner and teach them about your Prime Minister and their successes/failures during the Great Depression……. Do NOT just copy the information…..EXPLAIN IT!!! 0 As your partner is teaching you, fill in the rest of the graphic organizer. 0 Once you’ve both finished, discuss and answer the three follow-up questions!

The Great Depression in Canada Political, Social, and Economic Effects

Statistics of the GD in Canada 0 Every trade saw wages drop between 1930 and Saskatchewan (farm): 90% 0 Unemployment reached 27% at the height of the Depression in Newfoundland (fish): 50% 0 Corporate profits went from $396 million in 1929 to $98 million in Between 1929 and 1933 the GNP dropped 43%. 0 Relied on trade, but imports 25% and exports 55% 0 Farmers hit hardest: Wheat 75% 0 20% of Canadians were on relief 27% unemployment

DISCUSSION 0 Read the beginning of the “Effects of the GD in CA” packet and respond to the following: 0 List two ways the US depression impacted Canada. 0 Why did Canada impose high tariffs? Were they effective? 0 Why were prairie provinces hit the hardest by the GD? 0 Explain the changes in Canadian immigration during the GD. 0 List three effects of the Canadian Dust Bowl. 0 THINKER: During economic crises, many people turn towards radical forms of government, as seen in Canada, Germany and the U.S. Why do you think this is? Explain!

0 Pre-Depression Immigration : 138, : 91, : 64, : 133, : 124, : 84, : 135, : 158, : 166, : 164,993 0 Totals : 1,264,130 0 Depression Immigration : 104, , : 20, : 14, : 12, : 11, : 11, : 15, : 17, : 16,994 0 Totals : 252,044

King’s Response to the Depression 0 MacKenzie King thought that it was the responsibility of the provinces to aid their own citizens. 0 He wasn’t prepared for the depression (not many political leaders were) and so he didn’t take an interventionist approach to the economy. 0 King was eventually openly criticized for his controversial comment that he wouldn’t give “a five cent piece” of relief money to any province that had a Conservative Government He won’t give “a five cent piece”

Enter “Bonfire” Bennett 0 R.B. Bennett was Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada 0 He had the nickname “bonfire” because of his bombastic (loud) speaking style. 0 On July 28 th, 1930 R.B. Bennett became Prime Minister of Canada. 0 Originally from New Brunswick, grew up to be a self-made millionaire as a corporate lawyer and businessman in Calgary. 0 Given his “rags to riches” humble beginnings, he believed in capitalism and the free- enterprise system (i.e. leave economy alone and everything will work out in the end) Prime Minister R.B. Bennett

Bennett’s Response to the Great Depression 0 Bennett tried to combat the depression by increasing trade within the British Empire and imposing tariffs for imports from outside the Empire. Known as the Imperial Preference Policy 0 Conservative pro-business policies provided little relief for the unemployed

Bennett’s Response to the Depression 0 He put $ 20 Million dollars towards emergency relief 0 He raised the tariffs on imports to 50% in order to protect Canada’s industries from foreign competition and end the trade deficit. (Do you think this would work?) “Bonfire” Bennett

Blaming it on Bennett

Bennett’s Failures 0 No Unemployment Insurance 0 Prime Minister Bennett blamed for inability to end Depression 0 Bennett Buggies – Cars pulled by horses 0 Bennettboroughs – homeless communities 0 Bennett blankets - newspapers

0 January 1935, Bennett announces in a radio address “I am for reform” and launches his own New Deal. 0 The plan called for federal government intervention: > minimum wage, maximum work week laws, > unemployment insurance > retirement pensions, health insurance > mortgage assistance for farmers 0 Most of the New Deal was seen by the Supreme Court of Canada as an encroachment on the authority of provincial governments and struck down as violation of Section 92 of the British North America Act (Canada's Constitution) 0 Bennett’s reform effort was seen as too little, too late by voters who elected McKenzie King in October 1935 Bennett’s New Deal

The Return of King 0 In 1935, the Canadian people had enough of Bennett who they blamed for prolonging the Depression. 0 Running under the slogan “King or Chaos”, King won the election. 0 Bennett ended his final days in Great Britain and remains the only Canadian Prime Minister to be buried outside of Canada. He’s Back Again……

0 Introduces relief programs: > National Housing Act > National Employment Commission 0 Nationalizes: > Canadian Broadcast Corporation 1936 > Trans-Canada Airlines (Air-Canada) 1937 > Bank of Canada From 1939, an increased demand in Europe for materials, and increased spending by the Canadian government on public works created a boost to the economy. 0 Unemployment declined as men enlisted in the military. 0 By 1939, Canada was experiencing economic prosperity for the first time in a decade. MacKenzie King Returns

Discussion 0 Similarities/differences between King and Bennett

Political Parties Responses to the GD New Political PartyWhy they opposed the government & ideas for reform Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) Social Credit Union Nationale Communist Party of Canada Liberals Unionists *Read pgs and complete page 2 of your worksheet “Effects of GD in CA”

Other Political Parties offer their solutions 0 Bill Aberhart was a preacher and school teacher from Alberta 0 School principal/evangelist. Begins broadcasting his “Back to the Bible” program to a large audience in He thought that the Depression was caused by people not having enough money to buy goods and services; especially farmers. 0 His idea? Give every citizen $25 per month “prosperity certificate” so people could buy more products and help the economy. Social Credit Party leader “Bible Bill” Aberhart

Social Credit Theory advocates government income subsidies to stimulate economic growth tight regulatory control of banks to manage money supply 0 His party was called the “Social Credit” Party. 0 His party was elected in 1935 in Alberta, but they never paid out the certificates. The party was a major force in the west and stayed in power until the 1970s in Alberta. It was also a major force in BC politics William “Bible Bill” Aberhart

0 Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) Socialist political party established in Calgary, Alberta in Platform: > Concentration of wealth in the hands of a few threatened democracy. > New social order calling for production and distribution for the public good not private gain. 0 CCF joined the League for Social Reconstruction (LSR) 0 Regina Manifesto 1933: 0 All industry related to social planning would be nationalized 0 Universal health care, unemployment compensation, and pensions would be provided by amendments to the BNAA 0 The CCF enjoyed modest success in the Western Provinces C.C.F.

J.S. Woodsworth 0 He was a “conscientious objector” during WW1 and worked as a minister in Winnipeg helping the homeless. 0 He believed that the free enterprise system had failed the people during the depression and that the government needed to take a greater role during the depression. 0 He proposed: Unemployment insurance, free medical care, family allowances and old age pensions. 0 Many of his ideas have been adopted in Canada. 0 His Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) Party later was renamed the NDP in 1961.

0 Became a legal party in Canada in Criticized as Un-Canadian because of its allegiance to Communist International (Comintern) operating out of Moscow , Red Scare, Section 98 of the Criminal Code outlaws the Communist Party. Party leaders were imprisoned in Helped organize the trek to Ottawa. Arthur “Slim” Evans Communist Party of Canada

The Union Nationale 0 Maurice Duplessis blamed the existence of the Depression on the fact that many of Quebec’s industries were owned by Americans and English speaking Canadians. 0 He formed the Union Nationale so that Quebeckers would have more control over their economy. 0 The Union Nationale won the Quebec election in 1936 and remained a force in Quebec politics for the next 22 years

0 To spur employment, Bennett created relief camps in rural areas for men to live/work 0 Conditions in the camps were repulsive, not only because of the low pay, but the lack of recreational facilities, isolation from family and friends, poor quality food, and the use of military discipline. 0 Communist Party leaders saw a chance to organize strikes in the camps. Forming the Relief Camp Worker’s Union Establishment of Relief Camps

HOMEWORK 0 Finish reading the packet and complete the review portion on the back of the worksheet. 0 You should probably start term cards too……..