GERUND or INFINITIVE? Page 129 (WB) The different uses of the gerund and the infinitive

GERUND (-ing) 1) As the SUBJECT when we speak about general facts: Being a teacher isn't easy 2) As the OBJECT of some verbs: like/dislike         I like going to the cinema      love/hate/detest        I love listening to music       prefer            I prefer reading good books enjoy            She enjoys travelling continue        They continued talking finish            We finished writing the essay pretty soon  miss            I miss eating paella every Sunday consider I considered going to the cinema, but it’s too cold for going out. deny He denies having said it. What a liar, I heard him!!! recommend*        I recommend learning languages suggest*            He suggested going to a restaurant WATCH OUT! He suggested to me (that) we (should) go to a restaurant I recommend (that) you (should) read that book

He was talking about going shopping 3) After prepositions: I am tired of studying He was talking about going shopping 4) After the following verbal forms: can't hep        I can't help falling in love with you can't stand        He can't stand living with her any more feel like        I don't feel like dancing it's no use        It's no use talking to drunk people be used to        I am used to sleeping 8 hours get used to        They got used to living in Catalonia don't mind        I don't mind explaining things twice would mind        Would you mind shutting your mouth? Look forward to        I'm looking forward to hearing from you spend (time)        I want to spend my lifetime loving you

INFINITIVE (to + base form) 1) As the SUBJECT when we speak about specific facts: To leave now would be a mistake 2) As the OBJECT of some verbs: agree        In the meeting, we agreed to work together appear        She appeared to be busy seem        He seems to like you choose        They chose to study in a state school  decide        What did you decide to do? expect        Rafa expects to win the match hope            I hope to pass the exam learn            When I was in England, I learnt to speak without swearing manage        When I arrived in England, I managed to get a job plan            Where are you planning to spend Christmas? promise        I promise to be good (but: I promise you that I will be good) refuse        He refused to listen to her offer want / wish     I want to hold your hand / I wish to listen to this song!

3) After some adjectives: I am too tired to study today He was ready to go out I'd be very happy to help you I am too busy to go out now 4) After some adverbs: She ran too slowly to win the race She ran too fast to lose the race Your results are low to be happy This tree is too high to have it in our garden

5) After the indirect object of the following verbs: Advise        She advised me to wait Invite        Did Paul invite you to have dinner at his place? Tell        Don't tell me to be patient. Enough is enough Warn        I warn you not to go! / I warn you to stay here! Teach        My parents taught me to be respectful Persuade        Who persuaded you to kill him? Help Why don’t you help me to do the washing up? WATCH OUT! After perception verbs (hear, see, feel...), let and make, the base form must be used: I heard her come Let me go! I made them study

GERUND AND INFINITIVE (object of a verb ) 1) SAME MEANING. With some verbs, you can use both and there is no difference: START         She started to sing / singing when she was 12 BEGIN         She began to sing / singing when she was 12 PROPOSE         I propose to have / having a hamburger FORBID       The government will forbid to smoke / smoking in public places                INTEND         She intends to visit / visiting Sweden this summer.

GERUND AND INFINITIVE (object of a verb ) 2) DIFFERENT MEANING: STOP        She stopped eating chips because she was getting fat She stopped to eat chips because she was starving      FORGET         I forgot telling / having told him the secret. Was I drunk? Sugar! I forgot to tell you that we need milk    REMEMBER            I remember walking down this street when I came her for the first time  Are you going to Tesco? Remember to buy milk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REGRET         I regret to tell you that your son is dead. I regret telling her that she was beautiful. Now, she is very vain.  *LIKE         What do you like to do?    I like listening to music I like to listen to music in the morning I like to listen to music (and I do it)