Chapter 4: Cell Theory and Cell Study The origins of understanding the cell

A. The Cell Theory a. All organisms are _______________________________. Organisms can be either ____________, ___________, or _________________ b. The cell is the _________________________________ of organisms. _________________ happens within a cell all cells carry on similar __________________________ c. Cells come from ___________________________. Belief that life started as ___________________ Cells ____________ over millions of years to become all the different forms of ______________.

B. Exceptions to the cell theory 1. __________________ Scientists debate whether to consider them ___________ Viruses are __________ made of ___________ but they can ____________ and carry out _____________ inside a host cell 2. Where did the 1st cells come from? Theory of _______________________ ________________________ – 1953 Prove Spontaneous Generation Simulated ______________ to find that _________________________ could be spontaneously formed from ___________________________

C. History of the Cell Theory - Discovery of the ________________ allows scientists to first view cells. Before the discovery of cells people believe diseases caused by ___________________. Cell Size and Scale

1. ____________________ English scientist in 1665 looked at ________ under the microscope what he saw he called ___________ he really saw the ___________________.

2. __________________________ Dutch Scientist in 1674 discovered _________________ in pond water also looked at ____________, sperm, and other human cells but did nothing with it through high power simple microscopes.

3. ________________ English scientist in 1833 discovers and names the _____________

4. ___________________ German scientist in 1838 “all ______________ were composed of cells.” 5. ___________________ German scientist in 1839 “all ______________ were composed of cells.” Schleiden and Schwann are credited with publishing the _____________

6. __________________ French scientist 1824 – 1830 “the cell is the ____________ __________________________” discovers the process of _________ 7. _____________________ German scientist in 1858 “cells come from _______________”

D. Equipment 1. Parts of the Compound Light Microscope a. ____________ b. ___________________ c. ________________ d. __________________ e. __________________ f. Mirror / Illuminator, Body, Stage, Base 2. __________________ _____________________________________________ 3. _______________ Resolution is the ability to ______________ between 2 different items

4. Measuring with the Microscope a. __________ measure a cell with a __________ – not accurate b. Use units called __________ (um) 1 mm = 1000um 1mm How big is this one cell? How many cells fit across? Roughly – 10 You have to estimate the best you can 1100um Measure field of view Field of view = 1.1mm 1.1 mm = Divide the distance by your estimation of cells 1100um 1100um / 10cells = 110um / cell

5. Other Types of Microscopes a. ____________ - 1 lens = magnifying lens b. _____________ - use both eyes, 3D image, used for micro-dissections c. _____________________ – extremely high magnification (100,000,000x) and resolution

6. ________________ Centrifuges separate materials based on density by spinning very rapidly 7. __________________ Tissue culture is the growth of cells in the lab