ANATOMY OVERVIEW OF THE HUMAN BODY

WHAT IS ………..?  ANATOMY is the study of the form and structure of the human body.  PHYSIOLOGY is the study of the function or how the body works.

BASIC SUBSTANCE OF LIFE  Protoplasm makes up all living matter.  Protoplasm contains carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and other minerals. protopl asm

CELLS  Cells are the basic units or building blocks of all living things.  Cells are made up of protoplasm.  Cells carry on all functions of life.

CELLS  Cells use food and oxygen eliminate waste, adapt to environment and reproduce.  Cells may be different size and shapes.

Cells  Some groups of cells may be highly specialized; e.g. nerve cells are quick to be respond to stimuli, red blood cells carry oxygen.  Some specialized cells lose some function, certain nerve cells do not reproduce.  An interdependency exists among cells to carry on total life activities.

PARTS OF CELLS  Cell membrane – outer covering of cell  Cytoplasm – main substance of the cell, it is liquid.  Nucleus – brain of the cell.  The nucleus contains the chromatin network and nucleolus.

PARTS OF CELLS  The nucleolus is one or more tiny parts within the nucleus.  The chromatin network is made up of chromosomes which contain the heredity genes, known as DNA.

TISSUES  Cells group together by their shape, size, structure, and function, and are called tissues.  This specialized grouping of cells make four different types of tissues. Skin structure

TYPES OF TISSUE  Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines body cavities, also forms glands.  Connective tissue holds parts of the body together. It may be hard as in bone, or soft as in vascular tissue (Blood vessels)  Both types repair easily.

TISSUE TYPES  Nerve tissue conducts nerve impulses, and reacts to stimuli.  Some nerve tissue does not repair, all is slow and uncertain.

TISSUE TYPES  Muscle tissue produces power by contractions: There are three types of muscle tissue. –Cardiac, located in the heart –Skeletal muscles, also called voluntary –Smooth muscles, called involuntary such as digestive tract and kidney. –Repairs with difficulty resulting in scar tissue.

ORGANS  Tissues which form together and perform special functions are called organs.  Example: Stomach and the skin which contain epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue.

Systems  A group of organs working together to perform a specific function are called systems. –The digestive system is made up of several organs; mouth, stomach, intestines. –The circulatory system contains the heart, blood vessels.

REVIEW cells tissues organs system

Vocabulary words  Cyt – means cells  ology- means study of  Cytology means study of cells  ologist – means specialist  Cytologist – is a specialist who studies cells

Vocabulary  Hist means tissue  histology