DIVISION 4 Lighting and Signalling for Transport

Division 4 Officials Division Director:Ad de Visser Division Secretary:Hans Huijben Division Editor: Doug Simpson Webmaster:Tapani Nurmi

New TCs TC mm Traffic Light (Carl Andersen) TC4-47 Use of LEDs in visual signalling (Steve Jenkins)- TC 4-48 White light in road lighting (Stephan Voelker)

New Reporterships R4-14 Road lighting and accidents (Carl Andersen) R4-30 Measuring systems for in situ road characteristics (Guiseppe Rossi) R4-31 Inventory of D4 pubns. on possible energy improvement review (Hans Huijben) R4-32 Reflection properties of road surfaces (Cyril Chain) R4-33 Review of CIE pubn. 72 (Norbert Johnson) R4-34 Retroreflective and other passive devices as energy savers (Norbert Johnson)

TCs near completion (1) TC4-10 Automobile Lighting Systems – ready for Div. Voting TC4-16 Recommended File Format for Electronic Transfer of Luminaire Photometric data – TC is dealing with Div. Voting comments

TCs near completion (2) TC 4-26 Systems for Measurement of Photometric Quantities of Road Lighting Installations – ready for voting by TC members TC4-37 Road Transport Lighting for Developing Countries – issued, Report available as free download TC4-43 Emergency Lighting in Tunnels – ready for Div voting

Developments in Road Lighting Driven by: –Technology developments (new measurement techniques, new light sources, controllable electronic ballasts) –Energy efficiencies

Adaptive Road Lighting (1) Installations will be responsive to: Weather conditions Traffic volume Traffic speed

Adaptive Road Lighting (2) Central control will monitor real-time measurements of: Pavement luminance Traffic volume These are compared with criterion levels and the road lighting changed if necessary.

Road Surface Reflectance (1) Growing realisation that new road surfaces are not well characterised by the standard CIE road surfaces (R1,R2,R3 and R4) Based on careful measurement of cored samples

Road Surface Reflectance (2) Calculations of pavement luminance at many sites with the new surfaces (UK & France) using standard r-tables and measured r-tables of modern road surfaces show that the standard r-tables over- estimate the pavement luminance. E.g. an installation designed to provide a pavement luminance of 1.0cd/m 2 with standard r- table actually gave a luminance of 0.7cd/m 2

Road Surface Reflectance (3) This would lead to an increase in night accidents. To maintain the pavement luminance, there would be increased capital costs and an increase in energy costs of about 25%. Need to make widespread measurements of road surface types.

Road Surface Reflectance (4) Traditional measurement of road surface reflectance is by coring and lab. measurement-slow and sample is damaged Can now take advantage of CCD luminance meter to capture pavement luminance over a wide area, use installation data and I-tables to work backwards and calculate r-table in situ.

White Light & Mesopic Vision (1) The spectral sensitivity of human vision changes with adaptation level and with retinal eccentricity. Visual tasks of drivers change with the road environment resulting in differences in the importance of different areas of the retina

White Light & Mesopic Vision (2) The central 2 o is dominated by cones and has the spectral sensitivity of the V( ) function. The periphery has a mesopic spectral sensitivity function depending on adaptation luminance and peripheral angle

White Light & Mesopic Vision (3) Division 1 has formed a TC to propose a model of mesopic vision. Division 4 TC 4-48 has a proposed terms of reference that will validate the Div 1 model in road lighting

White Light & Mesopic Vision (4) Latest Australian Road Lighting Standard: For V category lighting-use manufacturers lamp lumens for all lamp types For P category lighting (except P4 &P5)-use manufacturers lamp lumens for all lamp types For P4 & P5- manufacturers lamp lumens should be derated by x0.75 for HPS and x0.50 for LPS

White Light & Mesopic Vision (5) For any lighting, and especially for P category lighting, use sources with highest S/P ratio and CRI value compatible with costs, lamp mortality, lumen maintenance.