History of Atomic Structure. Ancient Philosophy Who: Aristotle, Democritus When: More than 2000 years ago Where: Greece What: Aristotle believed in 4.

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History of Atomic Structure

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Presentation transcript:

History of Atomic Structure

Ancient Philosophy Who: Aristotle, Democritus When: More than 2000 years ago Where: Greece What: Aristotle believed in 4 elements: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. Democritus believed that matter was made of small particles he named “atoms”. Why: Aristotle and Democritus used observation and inferrence to explain the existence of everything.

Aristotle Democritus

Alchemists Who: European Scientists When: 800 – 900 years ago Where: Europe What: Their work developed into what is now modern chemistry. Why: Trying to change ordinary materials into gold.

Alchemic Symbols

Particle Theory Who: John Dalton When: 1808 Where: England What: Described atoms as tiny particles that could not be divided. Thought each element was made of its own kind of atom. Why: Building on the ideas of Democritus in ancient Greece.

John Dalton

Discovery of Electrons Who: J. J. Thompson When: 1897 Where: England What: Thompson discovered that electrons were smaller particles of an atom and were negatively charged. Why: Thompson knew atoms were neutrally charged, but couldn’t find the positive particle.

J. J. Thompson

Atomic Structure I Who: Ernest Rutherford When: 1911 Where: England What: Conducted an experiment to isolate the positive particles in an atom. Decided that the atoms were mostly empty space, but had a dense central core. Why: He knew that atoms had positive and negative particles, but could not decide how they were arranged.

Ernest Rutherford

Atomic Structure II Who: Niels Bohr When: 1913 Where: England What: Proposed that electrons traveled in fixed paths around the nucleus. Scientists still use the Bohr model to show the number of electrons in each orbit around the nucleus. Why: Bohr was trying to show why the negative electrons were not sucked into the nucleus of the atom.

Niels Bohr

Electron Cloud Model Electrons travel around the nucleus in random orbits. Scientists cannot predict where they will be at any given moment. Electrons travel so fast, they appear to form a “cloud” around the nucleus.

Electron Cloud Model

Quantum Model Who: Louis de Broglie When: 1924 Where: France What: De Broglie showed that electron beams could be diffracted or bent as they passed through a slit much like light could. So, the waves produced by an electron confined in its orbit about the nucleus sets up a standing wave of specific wavelength, energy and frequency, much like a guitar string sets up a standing wave when plucked.lightstanding wave Why: He was trying to show why electrons stay in certain areas around the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Structure Timeline Requirements: Must include a title. Must include a spot for each of the 7 items. Must include at least the Who, When, and What. Must have a picture (color is preferred) for each item. Options: 1.Comic book format 2.Standard timeline