26 An Age of Democracy and Progress, 1815–1914 QUIT 26 CHAPTER An Age of Democracy and Progress, 1815–1914 Chapter Overview Time Line 1 Democratic Reform and Activism SECTION 2 Self-Rule for British Colonies MAP SECTION SECTION 3 Expansion and Crisis in the United States 4 Nineteenth-Century Progress GRAPH SECTION Visual Summary

26 An Age of Democracy and Progress, 1815–1914 HOME 26 CHAPTER An Age of Democracy and Progress, 1815–1914 Chapter Overview Democratic institutions evolve in western Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand, although native people are suppressed. Industrialization and democracy spur revolutionary changes in the arts and sciences, transforming people’s daily lives.

26 An Age of Democracy and Progress, 1815–1914 HOME Time Line 1815 CHAPTER An Age of Democracy and Progress, 1815–1914 Time Line 1845 Ireland struck by famine. 1867 Dominion of Canada formed. 1889 Eiffel Tower completed. 1815 1914 1837 Queen Victoria comes to power. 1859 Darwin publishes theory of evolution. 1876 Bell demonstrates telephone.

Democratic Reform and Activism Key Idea 1 HOME 1 Democratic Reform and Activism Key Idea After considerable struggle, Great Britain evolves into a constitutional monarchy, while in France the Third Republic emerges as a parliamentary democracy. Women in both nations fail to obtain the right to vote. Overview Assessment

Democratic Reform and Activism Overview 1 • suffrage HOME 1 Democratic Reform and Activism TERMS & NAMES Overview • suffrage • Chartist movement • Queen Victoria • Third Republic • Dreyfus affair • anti-Semitism • Zionism MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Spurred by the demands of ordinary people, Great Britain and France underwent democratic reforms. During this period, Britain and France were transformed into the democracies they are today. Assessment

Democratic Reform and Activism 1 1 HOME 1 Democratic Reform and Activism Section 1 Assessment 1. List and evaluate seven significant events from this section. Next to each event, put a “+” if it expanded democracy, a “-” if it negatively affected democracy, and a “0” if it had a mixed impact. Event Evaluation Reform Bill of 1832 + Chartist movement + Expansion of male suffrage in Britain in 1867 + Seneca Falls declaration Paris Commune - Third Republic Dreyfus affair - continued . . .

Democratic Reform and Activism 1 1 HOME 1 Democratic Reform and Activism Section 1 Assessment 2. Reread the excerpt from the Seneca Falls “Declaration of Sentiments.” Why do you think the members of the Seneca Falls Convention chose to model their demands on the Declaration of Independence? ANSWER Possible Responses: • To show that their demands for rights were as legitimate as the colonists' demands for rights from Great Britain • To emphasize the injustice of women’s unequal status by comparing the tyranny of men to that of King George End of Section 1

Self-Rule for British Colonies Key Idea 2 HOME 2 Self-Rule for British Colonies MAP Key Idea The British colonies of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand become democratic states within the British empire. In Ireland the struggle for home rule fails. Ireland splits into an independent country and a British province. Overview Assessment

Self-Rule for British Colonies Overview 2 • dominion • Maori HOME 2 Self-Rule for British Colonies MAP TERMS & NAMES Overview • dominion • Maori • Aborigine • penal colony • home rule MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Britain allowed self-rule in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand but delayed independence for Ireland. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand are strong democracies today, while Ireland is divided and troubled. Assessment

Self-Rule for British Colonies 2 2 HOME 2 Self-Rule for British Colonies MAP Section 2 Assessment 1. Compare progress toward self-rule by recording significant political events in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland during the period. Country Political Events Canada Australia New Zealand Ireland Given responsibility for own affairs, mid-1800s; dominion status, 1867 Self-governing, set up legislature, 1850s; male suffrage, secret ballot, 1850’s; dominion, early 1900s Self-governing, set up legislature, 1850s; women gain suffrage,1893; dominion, early 1900s Joins the United Kingdom, gains representation in Parliament, 1801; home rule bill passes, but does not take effect, 1914; southern Ireland becomes dominion, 1921, becomes independent, 1949 continued . . .

Self-Rule for British Colonies 2 2 HOME 2 Self-Rule for British Colonies MAP Section 2 Assessment 2. How was Great Britain’s policy towards Canada beginning in the late 1700s similar to its policy towards Ireland in the 1900s ? THINK ABOUT • the creation of Upper and Lower Canada • the division of Ireland into Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State ANSWER Possible Response: In both, Britain created political divisions to resolve conflicts. continued . . .

Self-Rule for British Colonies 2 2 HOME 2 Self-Rule for British Colonies MAP Section 2 Assessment 3. At various times, England encouraged emigration to each of the colonies covered in this section. What effects did this policy have on these areas? THINK ABOUT • cultural divisions in Canada • native peoples in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand • political divisions in Ireland ANSWER Possible Responses: • In Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, the British displaced the native populations (in Canada, conflicts with French caused creation of Upper and Lower Canada). • Religious differences became political division between northern and southern Ireland. End of Section 2

Expansion and Crisis in the United States Key Idea 3 HOME 3 Expansion and Crisis in the United States Key Idea The United States expands to the Pacific Ocean. The Civil War ends slavery, preserves the Union, and speeds the industrial development of the North. After the war, the country experiences an unprecedented economic boom. Overview Assessment

Expansion and Crisis in the United States Overview 3 HOME 3 Expansion and Crisis in the United States TERMS & NAMES Overview • manifest destiny • Abraham Lincoln • secede • U.S. Civil War • Emancipation Proclamation • segregation MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW The United States expanded across North America and fought a bloody civil war. The 20th-century movements to ensure civil rights for African Americans and Hispanics are a legacy of this period. Assessment

Expansion and Crisis in the United States 3 3 HOME 3 Expansion and Crisis in the United States Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major events in the United States in the 19th century. 1819 Florida Cession 1838 Trail of Tears 1846-47 Mexican-American War 1853 Gadsden Purchase 1863 Emancipation Proclamation 1865-77 Reconstruction 1803 Louisiana Purchase 1836 Texas independence 1845 Texas Annexation 1848 Mexican Cession 1861-65 Civil War 1869 Transcontinental railroad completed continued . . .

Expansion and Crisis in the United States 3 3 HOME 3 Expansion and Crisis in the United States Section 3 Assessment 2. Reread the quotation from William Shorey Coodey. What facts are conveyed in his statement? What opinions—judgment, beliefs, or feelings—does he express about the Trail of Tears? How does he use his description of events to help justify his opinions? ANSWER Possible Responses: Facts: elements of weather, people present, eviction taking place Opinions: description of thunder as “divine indignation,” at the wrong done to “my poor and unhappy countrymen,” and at the “brutal power” of the whites continued . . .

Expansion and Crisis in the United States 3 3 HOME 3 Expansion and Crisis in the United States Section 3 Assessment 3. Imagine that circumstances had forced the North to surrender to the South in the Civil War. Therefore, two countries shared the region now occupied by the United States. What economic effects might this have had on the North? the South? the region as a whole? THINK ABOUT • the issue of slavery • the impact of the Civil War • postwar economic expansion of the United States ANSWER Possible Responses: If the North had surrendered, it probably wouldn’t have developed as much industrially, slowing settlement of the West. The South would have remained agricultural, and the economy of the country as a whole probably would not have grown as fast. End of Section 3

Nineteenth-Century Progress Key Idea 4 HOME 4 Nineteenth-Century Progress GRAPH Key Idea Key inventions, new theories in physics and biology, and medical advances transform daily life for many people. New technologies and growing democratic institutions create a mass culture in the United States. Overview Assessment

Nineteenth-Century Progress Overview 4 • assembly line • mass culture HOME 4 Nineteenth-Century Progress GRAPH TERMS & NAMES Overview • assembly line • mass culture • Charles Darwin • theory of evolution • radioactivity • psychology MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Breakthroughs in science and technology transformed daily life and entertainment. Electric lights, telephones, cars, and many other conveniences of modern life were invented during this period. Assessment

Nineteenth-Century Progress 4 4 HOME 4 Nineteenth-Century Progress GRAPH Section 4 Assessment 1. List the inventors, scientists, and thinkers covered in this section, and connect them with the invention, discovery, or new idea for which they were responsible. Gregor Mendel, genetics Thomas Edison, light bulb Joseph Lister, antiseptic Edwin S. Porter, feature film Charles Darwin, theory of evolution Henry Ford, assembly line People and Progress Ernest Rutherford, subatomic particles Alexander Graham Bell, telephone Marie and Pierre Curie, radium & polonium Wilbur and Orville Wright, airplane Guglielmo Marconi, radio Ivan Pavlov, conditioned response John Dalton, atomic theory Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysis Louis Pasteur, germ theory Dmitri Mendeleev, periodic table continued . . .

Nineteenth-Century Progress 4 4 HOME 4 Nineteenth-Century Progress GRAPH Section 4 Assessment 2. How is the mass culture that rose at the end of the 19th century similar to mass culture today? How is it different? Explain your response. THINK ABOUT • the role of technology • increase in leisure time • new forms of entertainment ANSWER Possible Responses: Similarities: New technology and leisure still shape mass culture; forms of mass entertainment such as movies still are popular. Differences: Newer technology such as the Internet has transformed how people share culture; mass culture has become big business and is more global. End of Section 4