+ HAPPY HUMP DAY!!! Homework DUE now! Get ready for your element quiz!!! TEST TOMORROW chem nerds… STUDY!!!

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Presentation transcript:

+ HAPPY HUMP DAY!!! Homework DUE now! Get ready for your element quiz!!! TEST TOMORROW chem nerds… STUDY!!!

+ Element Quiz #2 pg Cr 2. Co 3. Kr 4. Zn 5. Mn 6. S 7. F 8. Ne 9. Ar 10. Br 11. Nickel 12. Copper 13. Beryllium 14. Sodium 15. Lithium 16. Potassium 17. Iron 18. Arsenic 19. Magnesium 20. Calcium

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+ Unit 3 The History of the ATOM and Atomic Structures Democritus & Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr Schrodinger

+ Democritus Greek Philosopher He lived exclusively for his studies (you should try that!) Known as the laughing philosopher He called nature’s basic particle an atomos, based on the Greek word “indivisible.” He considers education to be the noblest of pursuits, but cautioned that learning without sense leads to error. (THERE MUST BE A POINT!!!)

+ John Dalton: Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1. All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. Element A 2. Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other elements.

+ Dalton’s Atomic Theory 3. Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine with one another in simple whole- number ratios to form compounds.

+ Dalton’s Atomic Theory 4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged. Atoms of one element, however, are never changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction.

+ Dalton’s Atomic Theory We now know that certain parts of this theory are invalid. Part 1 – False. Atoms have been split.

+ Part 2 – Partially False. Some atoms of the same element have more neutrons. Atoms of different elements are different. Part 3 – True! Part 4 – True!

+ Dalton’s Atom Dalton viewed the atom as a small indivisible particle His idea did not hold up once subatomic particles were discovered

+ Discovery of Parts of the Atom

+ J.J. Thomson discovery of the electron (e - ) in 1897 disproved Dalton’s theory; atoms DID have different parts after all Used a cathode ray tube to prove that there were charged particles within the atom

+ Thomson Model (from Plum pudding model aka chocolate chip cookie model

+ Ernest Rutherford Born in 1871 in New Zealand The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 He discovered the nucleus! In 1911 Buried next to Sir Issac Newton and Lord Kelvin in Westminster Abbey. (way cool!)

+ Rutherford said, “Atoms have a nucleus!” Dense & positively charged Contains most of the mass of the atom Contains the protons and neutrons Electrons are around the outside of the nucleus flying around the empty space

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+ Rutherford Model Nucleus Empty Space Electrons

+ Bohr Model Niels Bohr – 1913 Electrons travel in definite orbits around the nucleus aka “Planetary Model”

+ Bohr Model Nucleus Electrons (orbiting the nucleus in energy levels)

+ Quantum Mechanical Model Erwin Schrodinger – 1926 Electrons DO NOT orbit the nucleus aka Wave Model

+ Electron Cloud Area where there is a high probability that the electron will reside there 90% of the time

+ James Chadwick Discovered the neutron in 1932 Has a neutral charge Found in the nucleus About ½ of the mass of the nucleus Wanted to know where the extra mass was in an atom; shot beryllium Eventually led to experiments to bombard atoms with neutrons –> uranium  bombs!

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