RANGELAND HYDROLOGY BASIC CONCEPTS Lamar Smith Cascabel Ranch and Consulting Carta Valley, Texas.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Drainage Basin System

Advertisements

Factors that affect flood risk…

Management for Water Yield Basic treatments –Removal of woody vegetation –Weather modification –Construction of “catchments”

Runoff Processes. What happens when we go from a landscape that looks like this … Photo credit: Vermont Land Trust to this? Photo credit: Stowe Mountain.

Ecoregions of Texas.

Runoff Processes Daene C. McKinney

Soil Conservation Service Runoff Equation

Runoff Processes Reading: Applied Hydrology Sections 5.6 to 5.8 and Chapter 6 for Tuesday of next week.

Unit 4 Climate Part 2 Factors affecting water movement.

OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Hydrology 101 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering.

Erosion Control Short Course Monday, April 23, 2012 San Luis Obispo City/County Library Ron Harben, Project Director California Association of Resource.

Hydrologic Abstractions

Chapter 6 Section 1 – Running Water

Hydrology The flow of water across and through near surface environments.

FLUVIAL PROCESSES J. David Rogers. Part 1 THE WATER CYCLE and WATER BALANCE.

WATER- “ The Source of Life”  All the water that will ever be is, right now. -National Geographic  Water has become a highly precious resource. There.

Fundamentals of River Restoration and Salmonid Fisheries OWEB, 1999, Fundamentals of River Restoration and Salmonid Fisheries OWEB, 1999, Fundamentals.

Jefferson High School Compton Creek Research Project UCLA and Los Angeles Waterkeeper Funded by the Environmental Protection Agency.

Water Systems Mrs. Bader. Water Systems In this exercise, you will learn more about what makes up a watershed, track the movement of water through the.

Arid Zone Hydrology.

Run-Off Characteristics of Streams

River regimes Learning objectives: Recap on flood hydrographs

Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.

CE 424 HYDROLOGY 1 Instructor: Dr. Saleh A. AlHassoun.

Rangeland Management Before, During, and After Drought Larry D. Howery Rangeland & Forest Resources Program School of Renewable Natural Resources The University.

Drainage Basin System. 1. Introduction The circulation of water between atmosphere, land and ocean is referred as the hydrological cycle The drainage.

Higher Hydrosphere Drainage Basins[Date] Today I will: - Know what a drainage basin is - Be able to explain it in terms of inputs, processes or outputs.

Drainage Basin. Mississippi River Basin Drainage Basin.

Rick Cruse, Matt Helmers, Greg Brenneman, and John Laflen Iowa Water Center, and Iowa State University Extension.

Fire Effects on Water. The Watershed Concept What is a watershed? Area of land that drains into a common outlet Watershed condition- health or status.

How do humans affect watersheds and the hydrologic cycle ?

October 12, 2015 Iowa State University Indrajeet Chaubey Purdue University Water Quality.

Meteorology – Storm Events. Knowledge of Precipitation Amounts and Patterns Plan drainage structures –Size temporary culverts to handle storm events during.

Erosion and Sedimentation Erosion – Detachment, movement and deposition of soil by water, wind, ice or gravity. Sediment – Particles derived from inorganic.

Atmosphere 0.002% Ocean 97.2% Ice caps & glaciers 2% biosphere Rivers, lakes 0.6% Underground- lithosphere I P Et S E+C.

 Before break, we discussed watersheds and what constitutes a watershed. How do you think water moves through a watershed?

Ecoregions of Texas.

Surface Water Surface runoff - Precipitation or snowmelt which moves across the land surface ultimately channelizing into streams or rivers or discharging.

Some Basic Hydrologic Concepts Weir are used to measure volume of water flowing past a point.

Ecological Site Descriptions Foundation for Resource Management Decisions George Peacock Grazing Lands Technology Institute USDA-NRCS.

Hydrology for Nutrient Management Joshua W. Faulkner, PhD WVU-Extension Fundamentals of Nutrient Management Training Course December 16-17, 2009 *Portions.

RACC High School Training June 26, 2012 Jody Stryker University of Vermont Introduction to Watershed Hydrology.

Sanitary Engineering Lecture 4

Hydrosphere Notes Parts 1 – Rivers. How does a river develop? When precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration Or from a spring where groundwater.

River Management can significantly alter the seasonal hydrograph Before Ottawa R dams After Ottawa R dams.

CGF3M Dynamics of Moving Water CGF3M. Dynamics of Moving Water  The Hydrosphere  Hydrologic Cycle Infiltration Runoff  Stream Flow Velocity Discharge.

Fundamentals of River Restoration and Salmonid Fisheries OWEB, 1999, Fundamentals of River Restoration and Salmonid Fisheries Dylan Castle.

Ecoregions of Texas.

Interception Interception is the amount of water retained in vegetation It never reaches soil and evaporates back to atmosphere In heavily forested regions.

Watershed By: Taniya Crews. Watershed The land area that supplies water to a river system.

Ecoregions of Texas.

Rangeland Watersheds REM Integrated Rangeland Management

Streamflow Processes Watershed – area of land draining into a stream at a given location Streamflow – gravity movement of water in channels Surface and.

Infiltration and Runoff

Why is water important to the health of the planet?

Conserving freshwater aquatic ecosystems requires consideration of 1

Water Cycle It keeps cycling back

Fire Effects on Water September 27, 2006.

Streams Hydrodynamics

Ecoregions of Texas.

Water Cycle It keeps cycling back

Match the drainage basin terms to the correct definitions!

The Water Cycle Aka Hydrologic Cycle.

Today we are learning this content:

Presentation transcript:

RANGELAND HYDROLOGY BASIC CONCEPTS Lamar Smith Cascabel Ranch and Consulting Carta Valley, Texas

OBJECTIVES  Understand water balance  Understand basic erosion processes on rangeland  Understand how brush control affects water yield and erosion

Precipitation Runoff Infiltration Evaporation Transpiration Transmission losses Groundwater recharge Summarizing Hydrologic Data Water balance – an accounting method

Annual Water balance for the Upper San Pedro River

Annual Water Balance for the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed Ephemeral tributary to San Pedro River RAINFALL 12 in. ( 305 mm ) SURFACE DETENTION & INFILTRATION 10 in. ( 254 mm ) EVAPORATION & TRANSPIRATION 10 in. ( 254 mm ) ONSITE RUNOFF 2 in. ( 51 mm ) CHANNEL LOSSES 1 3/4 in. ( 45 mm ) SURFACE RUNOFF 1/4 in. ( 6 mm ) EVAPORATION & TRANSPIRATION FROM CHANNEL AND VEGETATION ALONG STREAM GROUND WATER RECHARGE FROM CHANNEL WATERSHED

EROSION PROCESSES RHEM MODEL Climatic data  Climatic data  Soil texture  Slope length  Slope shape  Slope %  % bunchgrass, forb/annual, shrubs, sod grass canopy cover  % rock, basal plant, litter and cryptogam cover Most of these factors are climatic and site related – only vegetation is manageable

STREAM FLOW (WATER YIELD)  Subsurface = Springs  Runoff = Flooding – dirt tanks, etc.

FFOLLIOTT AND THORUD – 1975  Increase in Water YieldPrecipitation  Mixed conifer = 6 inches 24+ inches  Ponderosa Pine = 2 inches20-24 inches  Chaparral = 4 inches inches  Pinyon – Juniper = 0 inches16-20 inches  Grassland = 0 inches inches  Desert Shrub = 0 inches8-12 inches

MAIN POINTS  Infiltration – greater on sandy soils  Depth of penetration – greater on sandy soils - gravel increases  Evaporation – less on sandy soils  Deep percolation – greater on coarse soils – winter precip  Season of precipitation vs plant growth

DOES BRUSH CONTROL REDUCE SEDIMENT/EROSION?

MOST STUDIES SHOW THAT MESQUITE CONTROL REDUCES RUNOFF AND SOIL EROSION.  Mesquite reduces grass cover  Increases patchiness of ground cover

STUDIES IN CREOSOTEBUSH ARE LESS DEFINITIVE  How treated? Roughness factor.  How much grass response?  Soil depth, texture?  Storm intensity?

SO WHY DO BRUSH CONTROL?  Reduce erosion  Reduce runoff intensity - flooding  Increase species diversity  Increase life form diversity  Increase food for wildlife and livestock  Improve biological production????