 On your way in pick up the lower skeletal system paper on the table. Label the lower skeletal system using the medical names. When finished, make sure your name is on the paper and place it in the black bin.

 Content Objective: The students will be able to differentiate various fractures, joints, and functions of the skeletal system by completing notes.  Language Objective: The students will be able to apply the definition of the prefix “osteo” to various words in order to discover their meaning.

 Which of the following is not located in the arm? 1. Humerus 2. Fibula 3. Ulna 4. Radius  Which of the following is located in the chest? 1. Lumbar Vertebrae 2. Coccyx 3. Sternum 4. Carpals

 In your row… First person will write something they believe to be a function of the skeletal system Pass the paper back to the next person in the row and continue until the time stops.

 What does the word support mean?  Definition: To bear or hold up; serve as a foundation for.

Without bones we would have no structure Keeps internal organs in their position  Example: Cranium is cavity that provides space for the brain to stay in place. Supports our weight  Example: Femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body to support the weight of the rest of the body Bone can rebuild itself and every 7 years our bones replace themselves

 What does the word protection mean?  Definition = Perseverance from injury or harm

 Encases vital organs within hard bone What vital organs are encased?  Body tissue  Bone Marrow

 What does the word storage mean?  What do we store in our bones?  Definition – Capacity or space for keeping things

 Calcium and phosphorus  Energy Fats (lipids) are stored in the adipose cells of the yellow marrow  Releases minerals into the blood as needed

 What does movement mean?  Definition – Actions or activities as of a person

 Skeletal bones held by ligaments  Muscles are attached to bones through tendons The muscular and skeletal system work together to create movement and are called the musculoskeletal system.  When muscles contract the skeletal system moves  The shape of the bones affect movement

 Osteo - Prefix meaning of or relating to the bone. Examples:  Osteoclast – A cell that breaks down bone  Osteoblast – A cell that makes bone  Osteon – Basic central structural component of compact bone

 The natural process of bone formation.  The hardening of muscular tissue into a boney substance.

 Where do we have joints in our skeletal system? Discuss with the person sitting next to you  What types of joints have you already learned about? Discuss with the person behind you

 Definition of joints – The location at which bones connect. Joints are constructed at most locations to allow movement  Types of Joints Ball and Socket Hinge Joint Gliding Joint Saddle Joint Pivot Joint

 Allows for the greatest freedom of movement  Structure – Bone with a spherical end and a bone with a cup-like socket  Only ball and socket joints in the body: Shoulder (where the humerus meets the scapula and clavicle) Hip (where the femur meets the pelvis)  Move your shoulder through all the range of motion it is capable of

 Only allows forward and backward motion Example: Door  Examples in the Body: Elbow Knee Ankle Fingers  Try moving your elbow through its range of motion

 Bones that meet at a flat or nearly flat articular surfaces Allow the joints to slide past one another in any direction  Examples: Carpals in wrist Tarsals in ankle Try moving your hand

 Firm, rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints. Location: Attaches ribs to sternum, found in knee cap, nose, ears, at end of bones in joints

 Osteoporosis  Rickets Bowed-Legs  Fractures Complete Compound Stress  Osteoarthritis

 Causes bones to become weak and brittle Brittle to the point that a simple fall, cough or bending over can cause a fracture Most frequent injures occur in the hip, wrist or spine  Caused when the creation of bone does not keep up with absorption of bone Frequently Occurs in Older Women past Menopause

 Caused by lack of Vitamin D, calcium or phosphate causing the weakening and softening of bones Rickets can be caused by your genes, kidney disorder, disorders of the liver Rare in the United States but can occur when children are rapidly growing

 Common in toddler  Looks Like – When feet together there is a distinct space between knees and lower legs  Cause – Either one or both legs curve outward The bowing is typically corrected by age 3 or 4

Occur when a physical force exerted on a bone is stronger than the bone

 The bone is fractured completely across

 Open fracture where there is a break in the skin around the bone The outside air, dirt must be able to get to the fracture for it to be a compound

 Tiny cracks in the bones  Caused by repetitive application of force Typically overuse injury Example: Runners get stress fractures in tibia Also caused from osteoporosis

 Most common form of arthritis Wear and tear arthritis  Cause – Protective cartilage on the ends of bones wears down over time Most Common: Hands, neck, knees, hips, lower back