Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 1 Task 1 (1g Tests) Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations.

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Presentation transcript:

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 1 Task 1 (1g Tests) Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading - Task 1 (1g Tests) S. Thevanayagam, UB Research Progress Meeting March 30, 2006, 2-4 pm; UB-VTC PI: R. Dobry, co-PI’s: A. Elgamal, S. Thevanayagam, T. Abdoun, M. Zeghal UB-NEES Lab: A. Reinhorn, M. Pitman, J. Hanley, T. Albrechcinski Tulane:Usama Students: Ecemis, Peng Hao; RPI Students

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 2 Year-1 Plans ( ) Planning & Preparations Sand Construction, Dry Runs & Preliminary Equipment Tests (9/05-5/06) Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests Level Ground (LG-1) – Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (June 1-30, 06) Sloping Ground (SG-1) - Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (July 1-20, 06) Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – 2mo before tests for Class A prediction Single Pile Tests High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Harmonic progressive amplitude increase, g (July 15-Aug.15, 06) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Harmonic progressive amplitude increase, g (Sept.1-30, 06) Coordination w/ Centrifuge Tests & IT

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 3 Agenda UB-Schedule (Theva) Overall Schedule Equipment Fabrication/Assembly - Readiness Test Schedule & Instrumentation Schedule (& Procurement) (ST) Coord. with RPI (Instrumentation), UB & IT (ST, TA, AMR) Ground Motion & Ground Slope (Theva) Liquefaction Simulations: UB; RPI; Tulane ( NE, MG, Usama, 5min each ) Conclusions – Gr Motion & Slope (Elgamal, Ricardo) Non-Destructive Testing – Preliminary (Elgamal, Mourad, MP) Test Preparations (Nurhan) Laminar Box, Floor, Actuator Control – Status & Readiness (ST, AMR, MP) Sand Construction, CPT; Instrument Procurement & Placement (ST, TA, AMR)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 4 Agenda- Prelim Discussion Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) Level Ground (LG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision on Ground motion (Ricardo) Sloping Ground (SG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision & Corrections/ Box Slope; Gr. Motion (Ricardo) Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – Additional Data Needed? (Mourad, Usama, Elgamal) Single Pile Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) 3-D Visualization & IT Preparations (Hassan, 10 minute Presentation)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 5 UB-NEES Schedule NEES - Soil-Pile Strong Floor; Strong Wall, Work Space, Shared-Instrumentation (4/06-10/06) Sand Pumps; Fast Actuators (4/06-10/06) NEES - WOOD Twin Shake Tables, Work Space; Shared Instrumentation (4/06-12/06) NEES - Nonstructural Component (NSC) Strong Floor (between Laminar Box & Shake Tables) (3/6-12/06) Shared Instrumentation, Workspace NEES – Other Shared Resources Everyone’s cooperation needed

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 6 Year-1 Pile - Schedule (2006)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 7

8

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Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 11

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 12 Agenda – Action Items UB-Schedule (Theva) Overall Schedule Equipment Fabrication/Assembly - Readiness Test Schedule & Instrumentation Schedule (& Procurement) (ST) Coord. with RPI (Instrumentation), UB & IT (ST, TA, AMR) Ground Motion & Ground Slope (Theva) Liquefaction Simulations: UB; RPI; Tulane ( NE, MG, Usama, 5min each ) Conclusions – Gr Motion & Slope (Elgamal, Ricardo) Non-Destructive Testing – Preliminary (Elgamal, Mourad, MP) Test Preparations (Nurhan) Laminar Box, Floor, Actuator Control – Status & Readiness (ST, AMR, MP) Sand Construction, CPT; Instrument Procurement & Placement (ST, TA, AMR)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Liquefaction Simulation Student: Marcelo Gonzalez Supervisor: Prof. Tarek Abdoun Co- supervisor: Prof. Ricardo Dobry

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 14 Using the FEM Cyclic1D software, 1-g, 1-D response of 6m column of soil was analyzed for the following input motions: Motion #6 0.3g/20s Motion #5 0.05/5s, 0.15g/5s, 0.3g/10s

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 15 Soil properties and dimensions of the model: Water table 6 m Inclination angles: Level ground and 2 degrees

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 16 Results: Pore water pressure history

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 17 Results: Horizontal soil displacements

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 18 Input Motion Dr (%) Inclination Angle Saturated Unit weightShear Wave velocityHorizontal displacement Amplitude (g) Frequency (Hz) (degree)(kN/m3)at 6 m depthrelative to the base (m) , 0.15, , 0.15, Summary

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 19 Draft Ground Motion #1: u max = 0.74’’ f = 2 Hz f n = 5 – 7 Hz a max = 0.3 g Draft Ground Motion #1: u max = 0.74’’ f = 2 Hz f n = 5 – 7 Hz a max = 0.3 g (0.05/10; 0.1/10, 0.3/10)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 20 Soil UB Tests – OS#55 Ottawa Sand D r =40%, V s (at 10m depth) = 205 m/sec D r =50%, V s (at 10m depth) = 210 m/sec

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 21 Ground Motion #2: Ground Motion #2: u max = 0.74’’ f = 2 Hz f n = 5 – 7 Hz a max = 0.3 g (0.05g/5; 0.1g/5, 0.3g/5)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 22 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History (Relative to the base, m) Motion #2 UB Tests- OS#55 Ottawa Sand D r =40% e= k= 1E-5 m/sec  =3 o  =2 o  =1.5 o (0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.3g/5s)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 23 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History (Relative to the base, m)  =3 o  =2 o  =1.5 o UB Tests- OS#55 Ottawa Sand D r =50% e= 0.70 k= 1E-5 m/sec (0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.3g/5s)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 24 Ground Motion #3: Ground Motion #3: u max = 0.74’’ f = 2 Hz f n = 5 – 7 Hz a max = 0.3 g (0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.3g/10s)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 25 Horizontal Displacement Time History Motion #3 UB Tests-OS#55 Ottawa Sand D r =40% e= Dry Unit Weight=15.1kN/m 3 k= 1E-5 m/sec  =3 o  =2 o  =1.5 o 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History (Relative to the base, m) (0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.3g/10s)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 26 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History (Relative to the base, m)  =3 0  =2 0  =1.5 0 Motion #3 UB Tests-OS#55 Ottawa Sand D r =50% e= 0.70 Dry Unit Weight=15.3kN/m 3 k= 1E-5 m/sec (0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.3g/10s)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 27 Ground Motion #4: u max = 0.59’’ f = 2 Hz f n = 5 – 7 Hz a max = 0.25 g (0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.25g/5s, 0.05g/5s)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 28 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History (Relative to the base, m) Ground Motion #4:  =2 0  =1.5 0 Motion#4 D r =40% e= 0.72 k= 1E-5 m/sec (0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.25g/5s, 0.05g/5s)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 29 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History (Relative to the base, m)  =2 0  =1.5 0 Motion# 4 D r =50% e= 0.70 k= 1E-5 m/sec (0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.25g/5s, 0.05g/5s)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 30 5s,5s,5s,5s D r =40% e= 0.72 k= 1E-5 m/sec  =2 0 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History (Relative to the base, m) Ground Motion #4:  u at 3m  u at 6m

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 31 5s,5s,5s,5s D r =40% e= 0.72 k= 1E-5 m/sec 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History (Relative to the base, m) Ground Motion #4:  =1.5 0  u at 3m  u at 6m

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 32 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Results (UB):

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 33 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Results (RPI): 5sec,5sec, 10sec

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 34 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Results (Usama): Solid Unit Weight=26kN/m^3 Soil Density = ? Motion #1 0.05/10s, 0.1g/10s, 0.3g/10s  

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 35Summary

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 36 Ground Motion/Slope Discussion Chosen Ground motion (0.05/5s, 0.1g/5s, 0.25 or 0.3g/5s) is adequate to induce gradual rise in pore press. & Liquefaction. Simulation results show that once Liquefaction is reached, sliding continues; Sliding increases with increase in slope. Typically exceeds 1m in s and increases with time. In real world, sliding will cease due to densification and dilation. Ring Correction: Box Inclination = Field Inclination / 2.2 (approx) Ring Friction Correction is not significant Uncertainties Look into 1-D simulations & possible Dr achievable more carefully before choosing inclination. Perform LG-1 with GM#2 or GM#4; Await for Level Ground Test Results before finalizing Slope Angle.

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 37 Ground Motion/Slope - Concensus? Soil Density = 40-50% (?) Ground Surface Inclination= 1.5 to 2 o Box Inclination = Field Inclination / 2.2 (approx) Maximum displacement= 1 m in s Uncertainties – Simulation, Density Tentative Gr. Motion Ottawa Sand D r =40 – 50% k=1E-5m/sec  = 19.2kN/m 3

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Non-Destructive Testing – Ground Motion Preliminary Discussion / Feasibility What Kind of Ground Motion is Desired? What measurements desired? What are you going to do with measurements? (Mourad / Elgamal) UB – Respond with Feasibility (MP/AMR) Follow up with Next Meeting (ST)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 39 Agenda – Status Briefing UB-Schedule (Theva) Overall Schedule Equipment Fabrication/Assembly - Readiness Test Schedule & Instrumentation Schedule (& Procurement) (ST) Coord. with RPI (Instrumentation), UB & IT (ST, TA, AMR) Ground Motion & Ground Slope (Theva) Liquefaction Simulations: UB; RPI; Tulane ( NE, MG, Usama, 5min each ) Conclusions – Gr Motion & Slope (Elgamal, Ricardo) Non-Destructive Testing – Preliminary (Elgamal, Mourad, MP) Test Preparations Status (Nurhan) Laminar Box, Floor, Actuator Control – Status & Readiness (ST, AMR, MP) Sand Construction, CPT; Instrument Procurement & Placement (ST, TA, AMR)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 40 Year-1 Schedule ( )

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 41

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 42 Laminar Box – Strong Floor Foot Print Strong Floor – Reserved April 1 – Oct.31, 06

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory LAMINAR BOX - DYNAMIC ACTUATOR Reserved April 1 – Oct.31, 06 Controller – To be tested by Mark Pitman – 3/15- 4/30/06 3 x 200 kips Dynamic Actuator Bridge Deck Actuator Base Plate Loading Frame

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 44 Loading Frame Design Completed; Fabrication ongoing; Delivery April 17, 06

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 45 Laminar Box – Strong Floor Modification PLAN VIEW Machined Base Steel Plate – UB NEES Funded

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 46 Sand Construction - Hydraulic Filling Initial Slurry Pump Tests completed – Oct 05; Sand pumping/Density Control Tests – April 06 (weather)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 47 CPT/Density Testing

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 48 Cone Density Testing Plastic Container = 4 ltr Metal Cone a = 6 ½ in b = 6 ½ in c = 1/2 in Base Plate 12 x 12 in

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 49 Agenda- Prelim Discussion Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) Level Ground (LG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision on Ground motion (Ricardo) Sloping Ground (SG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision & Corrections/ Box Slope; Gr. Motion (Ricardo) Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – Additional Data Needed? (Mourad, Usama, Elgamal) Single Pile Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) 3-D Visualization & IT Preparations (Hassan, 10 minute Presentation)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 50

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 51

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 52 Instrumentation: Tests LG-1 & SG-1

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 53 Instrumentation Placement – LG-1 & SG-1 Plan View

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 54 Soil Instrumentation Plan – LG-1 & SG-1

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 55 Equipment & Instruments – Plan

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 56 Soils report, Cyclic Triaxial Data & Monotonic Triaxial Data submitted to modelers in 03/06 What Additional Information Needed? Soils Report

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 57 Agenda- Prelim Discussion Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) Level Ground (LG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision on Ground motion (Ricardo) Sloping Ground (SG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision & Corrections/ Box Slope; Gr. Motion (Ricardo) Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – Additional Data Needed? (Mourad, Usama, Elgamal) Single Pile Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) 3-D Visualization & IT Preparations (Hassan, 10 minute Presentation)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 58 Pile Preparation & Plans

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 59 PILE

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 60 Instrumentation – Test 1A & 1B (Single Pile)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 61 Instrumentation Placement –Test 1A & 1B Plan View

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 62 Instrumentation – Test 1A & 1B Bentomat is planned to use Instrument cables

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 63 Instrumentation: Single Pile (Test 1A & 1B) 0

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 64 Group Pile - Test 3 (Yr-2)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 65 Agenda- Prelim Discussion Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) Level Ground (LG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision on Ground motion (Ricardo) Sloping Ground (SG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision & Corrections/ Box Slope; Gr. Motion (Ricardo) Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – Additional Data Needed? (Mourad, Usama, Elgamal) Single Pile Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) 3-D Visualization & IT Preparations (Hassan, 10 minute Presentation)

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 66 Publicity – Tele Observation

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory 67 Open for Discussion by All Researchers