Lecture 2 Engineering Design Process & Method

Introduction Design is a multidisciplinary field which integrates the scientific principle, technical information and imagination to provide a solution for real life problem.

Design A structured problem-solving activity A Creative process “ Imagination is more important than knowledge, for knowledge is finite whereas imagination is infinite.” - Albert Einstein

Field of design engineering architecture management material science sales ergonomic psychology marketing

How does a design engineer work? Engineers approach a need, develop alternative solutions, select the best solution, and communicate the results

Examples of engineering design Mechanical engineeringMechanical engineering – design an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drivetrain in an internal combustion engine Electrical engineeringElectrical engineering – design an electrical generating system using rain water as the power source. Material engineeringMaterial engineering – design high-temperature materials which enable astronauts to safely reenter the earth’s atmosphere.

New Product Development Depends on 2 factors: –market demands –change of technology Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: –Physiological needs –Safety needs –Love and belonging needs –Esteem needs –Self Actualizing needs

market demands development of science & technology communicatio n style & quality globalizatio n ergonomic

Product Evolution the design of product changes from time to time For example, mobile phone

Design Process Identification of need Problem definition Information research (design specification) Design conceptualization Evaluating alternatives Detail design Analysis and optimization Manufacturing Experiment & prototype construction Marketing

Identification of a needIdentification of a need – recognize and understand the problem precisely – effort at this step pays great dividends by eliminating or reducing false trials and shortening the design duration Design Process

Problem definitionProblem definition –to understand the problem in detail and identify the scope of the problem –in this step, do not point to any particular solution so that we have the opportunity to consider a wide range of alternatives Design Process

Information researchInformation research –search the information which is related to the design project in order to understand the problems in detail –the source of information available are existing solutions, internet, library, government documentation, professional organizations, trade journals, catalogue etc Design Process

Design conceptualization -develop alternative solution and compare between each other -brainstorming is one of the techniques that can be used to assist us in developing a list of possible solution Design Process

Evaluating alternatives –evaluate concepts or ideas to solve the design problem –based on the design criteria such as cost, reliability, weight, ease of operation and maintenance, appearance, compatibility, safety features, effectiveness and feasibility Design Process

Detail design –select the final concept design and discuss in details the characteristic and specification of the new design –the final design must be developed to the point that every details are take into consideration Design Process

Analysis and optimization –analysis the design from different factors and improve it –the analysis process involving the use of mathematical and engineering principle, for example, finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) etc Design Process

Manufacturing –determine the suitable and economical manufacturing process and method –the selection of manufacturing process depends on the manufacturability, cost and available facility Design Process

Experiment & prototype construction - construct the prototype and test its performance - a lot of testing can be performed such as tensile test, non- destructive test and impact test Design Process

Marketing –production and sales in the market –launch of marketing strategies especially promotion and advertisement Design Process

6 basic steps of engineering method Recognize and understand the problem Accumulate data and verify accuracy Select the appropriate theory or principle Make necessary assumptions Solve the problem Verify and check results

Professionalism and ethics The work of engineers affects the day-to-day life of all humans. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) requires ethical practice by each of its members and has adopted the Code of Ethics of Engineers as referenced in the ASME Constitution, Article C2.1.1.