The Roaring Twenties: 1919-1929 Life After World War I Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge Stock Market Success Roaring 20’s

Republicans in Office Woodrow Wilson becomes ill and fades out of the picture US citizens are looking for a change in Presidency, choose a Republican leader: 1. Warren G. Harding (Wins 1920 Election) Harding- Wants to return the United States back to “Normal”

Facts About the 29th President Warren G Harding Facts About the 29th President From the “lovely” state of Ohio 29th President Many of the taxes he created contributed to the Stock Market Crash in 1929

Warren G. Harding Harding takes over and immediately there is a recession Recession- downturn in economic activity * Struggle to rebuild after World War I * Too much time and money to recover from Corruption and Scandals Many of Harding’s Cabinet members stole money from the government, went behind his back and betrayed him 2. Harding- sick and betrayed, dies in 1923

Meet Calvin Coolidge Our 30th President Was a Republican lawyer from Vermont Served as Governor of Massachusetts Spoke in favor of Civil Rights for African Americans and Catholics

Calvin Coolidge Vice President under Harding- fills in once Harding dies Personality Different from Harding Quiet and Reserved (Known as “Silent Cal) Economic Prosperity- believed in Big Business Cut regulations on businesses Factories switched back to consumer goods Goods were made at a rapid rate Economy was booming

A Booming Economy American incomes rose (more money to spend) More goods in circulation and advertising of new products * People wanted to buy things they could not afford Installment Buying- buying on credit (paying back at a later time) * Interest- money the banks made off of your investment * People are buying so many goods on “credit” * Banks are lending out too much money

A Soaring Stock Market By the mid 1920’s people were investing in the stock market more than ever before * Buying and trading constantly Bull Market- period of increased trading and high prices (Very dangerous and unstable) * Buying stock on “credit” * When prices were high it worked well * If prices ever fell…Disaster

World Affairs and Trading Latin America- Trade w/ United States increased after the war * US would help Latin America when needed Soviet Union- beginning their Communist government and economy * US disagreed with their ideas * Communism controls people and their rights as free citizens (No freedom or Religion) * US- still helped Russia through a famine

New Ways of Life Prohibition- ban on alcohol sales, manufacturing and transportation anywhere in the United States (18th Amendment) * Lasted from 1920-1933 (Repealed 21st Am.) * Bootleggers made their own or smuggled alcohol from Canada or Latin America * Led to an increase of organized crime 1. Gangsters/Mob 2. Bribes w/ law enforcement/judges

New Rights for Women 19th Amendment- Voting rights for women First Governors: Nellie Tayloe Ross (Wyoming) Miriam A. Ferguson (Texas) Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)- equality of rights under the law regardless of sex (M/F) Changes for Working Women: Working outside the home (teachers/secretaries) Housework became easier w/ appliances

Impact of the Automobile * Americans were able to travel and go more places than ever before 1. Prices of the Model T Ford: * $850 in 1920 * $290 in 1924 (Became affordable) ** Automobiles helped the growth of other industries (Oil, Steel, Motels, Gas Stations)

A New Culture Radio- became very popular in the 1920’s * Way of communicating and entertainment * KDKA in Pittsburgh (First Station) Movies- Hollywood California * First movies had no sound (Pianist played) * 1927- First talking movie (The Jazz Singer)

The Roaring 20’s Fads- an activity or passion that is taken up over a short period or time (fade in/out) Flappers- young women who rebelled against traditional ways of thinking for women * Wore their dresses short * Red lipstick/fast cars/shorter hair ** New sensation of freedom

Other Influential People Louis Armstrong- great jazz musician * Jazz rose up in the 20’s in New Orleans Ernest Hemingway- excellent writer of the 20’s (A Farewell to Arms) (The Sun Also Rises) Langston Hughes- part of the Harlem Renaissance * African American writers were

Age of Heroes Radio, movies and newspapers created celebrities known all over the country (Media) Sports Figures Bobby Jones- won many golf championships Jack Dempsey- famous boxer College football became very popular (Notre Dame) Baseball- real passion for America * America’s past time * Babe Ruth- the king of baseball Charles Lindberg- first to fly across the Atlantic Ocean * Spirit of St. Louis (His Plane) * Landed in Paris France (33 hour flight)

Age of Heroes

Struggles of the 1920’s There were some intense struggles after WW I Farmers- hit the hardest (high prices on machinery/goods and land) General Labor Issues- workers demanding higher pay * Cost of living rose * More expensive to live 3. KKK hatred in both the North and South

Limiting Immigration Red Scare- Nervousness and dislike for the Soviet Union and Communism * People thought Russians were spies * Nativism- opposed to immigration Emergency Quota Act- Passed the quota system in 1921 Quota System- allowed only a certain number of people to immigrate from each country * Favored Northern European nations * Cut off Eastern European and Asian nations

Election of 1928 By 1928- Republicans had led the nation for 8 years (Much success after World War I) Republican Candidate- Herbert Hoover * Midwest (Millionaire= Big Business Guy) Democrat- Alfred E. Smith * First Catholic to run for President * Son of Irish Immigrants (Raised in Big City) ** Smith won the cities/Hoover won rural vote and all of the Midwest and big business supporters * Hoover wins easily (Economy crashes down) * Great Depression begins in 1929

Stock Market Crash