By: Nathaniel Patterson Shoulder Injuries Clavicle By: Nathaniel Patterson
Anatomy Of the Shoulder There are Three Main Bones in the Shoulder The Clavicle The Scapula Humoreus
The Clavicle The clavicle is an S-shaped bone that attaches the trunk to the upper extremity (the only bone to do so through bony articulations).
The Scapula The Scapula (Shoulder Blade) The Scapula forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle.
The Humerus The Humerus is the bone that connects to the lower arm, and to the shoulder.
Muscles The Rotator Cuff The rotator cuff is a set of four muscles that are responsible for the movement of the arm and gives the shoulder stability.
SUPRASPINATUS Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
INFRASPINATUS Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
SUBSCAPULARIS Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
TERES MINOR laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Deltoid and Teres Major Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate Teres Major Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Deltoid
Teres Major
Ligaments the acromioclavicular ligament is superior to the joint and links the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion. the coracoclavicular ligament, a stronger ligament, does not attach to the acromion, but rather attaches the clavicle to the scapula at the coracoid process. the conoid ligament lies medially. It spans from the conoid tubercle of the clavicle to the coracoid process. the trapezoid ligament is the lateral portion of the ligament. It spans from the trapezoid line on the clavicle to the coracoid process.
Bursae Bursae reduce friction in areas where tendons (or skin) slide across bones, ligaments or other tendons.
Dislocated Shoulder There are 2 types of dislocations A partial dislocation (subluxation) means the head humerus is partially out of the socket (glenoid). A complete dislocation means it's all the way out.
Both partial and complete dislocation cause pain and unsteadiness in your shoulder. Your muscles may have spasms from the disruption, and this can make it hurt more. When your shoulder dislocates time and again, you have shoulder instability
Signs and Symptoms swelling numbness weakness Bruising Sometimes dislocation may tear ligaments or tendons in your shoulder. Once in awhile, the dislocation may damage your nerves.
Treatment A Doctor or trained Professional will place the ball of the humerus back in the socket.
Rehab Immobilization A sling Ice If it happens consistently the doctor might prescribe a brace, sometimes surgery is needed to correct the problem
Rotator cuff tear Are a common source of shoulder pain. Damage increases with age.
Surgical and Non Surgical Options Non-operative (conservative) treatment Operative - Rotator cuff repair Open Mini-open All-arthroscopic
Non-Operative Injections Injecting medicines to help strengthen the area. Activity modification (avoidance of activities that cause symptoms)
Advantages Disadvantages Patient avoids surgery and its inherent risks: Infection Permanent stiffness Anesthesia complications Disadvantages Strength does not improve Tears may increase in size over time Patient may need to decrease activity level
Operative The 3 Main Types Open repair Mini-open repair All-arthroscopic repair After rotator cuff repair, 80 percent to 95 percent of patients achieve a satisfactory result, defined as adequate pain relief, restoration or improvement of function, improvement in range of motion
Potential Complications Nerve injury (1 percent to 2 percent) Infection (1 percent): Deltoid Detachment (less than 1 percent): Stiffness (less than 1 percent): Tendon re-tear (6 percent
Rehab. Following rotator cuff surgery, therapy progresses in stages. Passive range of motion exercises are begun with a therapist; pendulum exercises may be taught as well. Progressive strengthening and range of motion exercises continue during the next 6 to 12 weeks. Most patients have a functional range of motion and adequate strength by 4 to 6 months after surgery.