Management Theories Pioneering Ideas In Management

Major Viewpoints in the development of modern management Pre Classical Contributors MANAGEMENT THEORIES Classical Viewpoint Scientific Management Behavioral Viewpoint Bureaucratic Management Administrative Management Early Behaviorists Quantitative Viewpoint Behavioral Science Approach Human Relations Management Hawthorne Studies Operations Research Contemporary Viewpoint Operations Management Management Information Science System Theory Contingencies Theory Emerging Views     Major Viewpoints in the development of modern management

Pre-Classical Management Theories Pyramids and Walls Adam Smith (1776) Industrial Revolution Prior to 1900s

Pre-Classical Management Theories Pyramids and Walls 500 to 5000years ago!

Management Theories Pre-Classical 2. Adam Smith (1776) Economist Division of Labor! Breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks increased productivity e.g garment industry

Pre-Classical Management Theories 3. Industrial Revolution substitution of machine power for human power large organizations required formal management Robert Owen (1771 - 1858) Charles Babbage (1792 - 1871) Henry R. Towne (1844 - 1924)

Pre-Classical Management Theories 3. Industrial Revolution Robert Owen (1771 - 1858) Entrepreneur (Scotland) Advocated concern for the working and living conditions for the employee Organizations would responsible socially uplifts

Pre-Classical Management Theories 3. Industrial Revolution Charles Babbage (1792 - 1871) Interest in operations of factories Built 1st mechanical calculator, ideas on work (physical and mental) specialization, production efficiency, costing, incentives and profit – sharing plan.

Machine power VS Human power Management Theories Pre-Classical Machine power VS Human power Assessing the early contributions: Uncoordinated efforts Contributions tended to relate to specific problems Did not see”Management” as a separate field or Skill (until Towne)

Pre-Classical Management Theories 3. Industrial Revolution Henry R. Towne (1844 - 1924) President of a manufacturing organizatio Called for “Management Science” and for development of “Principles of Management”.

Classical Management Theories Scientific Management Bureaucratic Management Administrative Management

Management Theories Classical Viewpoint Scientific Management Bureaucratic Management Administrative Management This viewpoint emphasis on finding ways to manage Work and Organizations more efficiently!

Management Theories Classical Viewpoint This viewpoint emphasis on finding ways to manage Work and Organizations more efficiently! Organization should be ……. Brand loyalty Satisfy Client Focus on low wastage Social Values Living systems Like Legal, Economic, Technical, Environmental systems e.g proper drain of water in any factory…

Management Theories Classical Viewpoint 1. Scientific Management F. W. Taylor, Frank & Lillion Gilbreth, H. Gantt 2. Bureaucratic Management Max Weber 3. Administrative Management Henry Fayol (France)

Management Theories Classical Viewpoint 1. Scientific Management Frederick. W. Taylor (1865 - 1915) Laborer to Chief Engineer (6 Year) Principles o f Scientific Management Published (1911) The use of scientific methods to define “one best way” for a job to be done! Or An approach focusing on scientific study of work methods to improve worker’s efficiency

Management Theories Classical Viewpoint Frederick Taylor four Principles of Scientific Management Study of each part of a task scientifically, and develop a best method to perform it. Carefully select workers and train them to perform a task using the scientifically developed method. Cooperate fully with workers to ensure they use the proper method. Divide work and responsibility so management is responsible for planning work method using scientific principles and workers are responsible for executing work accordingly.

Management Theories Classical Viewpoint 1. Scientific Management Frank &Lillion Gilbreth Use of motion pictures to study hand-and-body movements Time and motion studies Human implications of Scientific Management Focused on increasing worker productivity through the reduction of wasted motion Developed the micro chronometer to time worker motions and optimize performance

Management Theories Classical Viewpoint 1. Scientific Management Henry Gantt Pay incentives Gantt chart

Classical Viewpoint Management Theories 2. Bureaucratic Management Max Weber (German Sociologist 1864 – 1920) An approach emphasizing the need for organizations to operate in a rational manner rather than relying on owners and managers whims!