CLASSICAL FORMS Old forms and new forms will be discussed in detail later Usually though instrumentals will have four movements (1. FAST 2. Slow 3. Dance-related 4. FAST) Classical movements will contrast more vividly than Baroque

CLASSICAL FORMS Sonata Form Form of a single movement in larger work Not the type of piece 3 main sections plus a CODA EXPOSTION DEVELOPMENT RECAPITULATION CODA

CLASSICAL FORMS Sonata Form EXPOSTION 1 st theme bridge or transition 2 nd theme in new key

CLASSICAL FORMS Sonata Form DEVELOPMENT new treatments of themes modulates to many keys

CLASSICAL FORMS Sonata Form RECAPITULATION 1 st theme in tonic key bridge or transition 2 nd theme in tonic key CODA strong ending of the piece

CLASSICAL FORMS Sonata Form 3 main sections plus a CODA EXPOSTION DEVELOPMENT RECAPITULATION CODA LISTENING JOURNAL MOZART Symphony No st Movement in Sonata Form

CLASSICAL FORMS Theme & Variations Can be independent piece Can be 1 movement of larger piece 1 theme repeated over & over Varied every time ( A, A’, A’’, A’’’, ect…)

CLASSICAL FORMS Theme & Variations Can be original theme or borrowed Each section will have melodic theme variation Can also vary in mood, color, rhythm, ect… LISTENING JOURNAL Haydn Symphony No. 94 SURPRISE SYMPHONY 2 nd movement

CLASSICAL FORMS Minuet and Trio Often used as a 3 rd movement in symphony or larger piece Originated as a dance piece (minuet) Dignified & Stately In Classical, not for dancing but listening

CLASSICAL FORMS Minuet and Trio (form) MINUET a (repeated) ba’ (repeated) TRIO (quieter played originally as three instruments only) c(repeated) dc’(repeated) MINUET aba’ (no repeat)

CLASSICAL FORMS Minuet and Trio LISTENING JOURNAL MOZART Serenade Elne Klieine Nachtmusik Translation=night music (3rd movement)

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Chamber Music Designed for intimate setting in a room of home or palace not for a public concert hall Performed by 2 to 9 musicians Lighter in sound meant for playing with friends of after dinner social music No conductor needed meant to be fun for the performer and the listener

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Chamber Music String Quartet most important (2 violins, viola, Cello) Three master all wrote many of these Usually consists of four movements ( 1 fast 2 slow 3 minuet or scherzo 4 fast )

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Chamber Music LISTENING JOURNAL BEETHOVEN STRING QUARTET in C Minor Op. 18 No. 4 4 th movement, Allegro Rondo form

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Symphony Greatest contribution to orchestral music of classical period Haydn 104 / Mozart over 40 / Beethoven 9 Numbers change as to the evolution of the composer to freelance writing from court order pieces Haydn composed for employers were Beethoven composed only when inspiration struck

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Symphony Symphony is extended ambitious piece Can 20 to 45 minutes long Typically contains Four movements

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Symphony typical flow 1. Dramatic fast movement (Sonata form) 2. Lyrical slow movement (Sonata form or Theme & Variations) 3. Dance movement (Minuet and Trio or Scherzos) 4. Heroic fast movement (Sonata or Sonata Rondo)

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Symphony Each Movement is self contained piece of music But relates to the others in some way The Symphony’s influence still rules today Such as… symphonic music symphony hall symphony orchestra

CLASSICAL FORMS LISTENING JOURNAL BEETHOVEN 5 th Symphony (1st movement – Sonata form)

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Concerto Three movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra Combines soloist virtuosity and orchestra’s range Balance takes rule as soloist and orchestra are equally important Can last 20 to 45 minutes

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Concerto H as only three movements NO dance like Minuet or Scherzo 1 st movement (fast) Sometimes has a special unaccompanied showy section for soloist called CADENZA At end of cadenza soloist plays long trill followed by a chord that meshes with the reentrance of the orchestra

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Concerto Cadenza’s were often improvised by composer Who was usually the soloist but …. Later they were written out sometimes by other composers… i.e. Beethoven wrote cadenzas for Mozart concertos

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Concerto 1 st movement (Sonata Form (fast) cadenza before coda) 2 nd movement (slow – can take any form) 3 rd movement (fast is usually rondo or sonta-rondo)

CLASSICAL FORMS Classical Concerto LISTENING JOURNAL MOZART Piano Concerto NO 23 Movement #1