The Internet and World Wide Web Chapter two

Summary of the Internet and World Wide Web History and structure of the Internet The World Wide Web Web Publishing Electronic commerce Other Internet services Explain how to access and connect to the Internet Analyze an IP address

The Internet Internet What are some services found on the Internet?

The Internet How did the Internet originate? Goal: To function if part of network were disabled Became functional September 1969 Goal: To allow scientists at different locations to share information

The Internet How has the Internet grown? Today More than 500 million computer linked hosts 1984 More than 1,000 hosts 1969 Four hosts

History of the Internet Who controls the Internet?  No one c — c it is a public, cooperative, and independent network  Several organizations set standards

Evolution of the Internet Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network 7

How the Internet Works Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service 8 Cable Internet service DSL Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) Fixed wireless Cellular Radio Network Wi-Fi Satellite Internet Service How can you connect to the Internet?

How the Internet Works ISP (Internet service provider) Regional ISPs provide Internet access to a specific geographical area National ISPs provide Internet access in cities and towns nationwide Online service provider (OSP) Has many members- only features Popular OSPs include AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network) Wireless Internet service provider Provides wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices May require a wireless modem 9 What are ways to access the internet ?

10 How the internet works

An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet A domain name is the text version of an internet protocol (IP )address. Top-level domain (TLD) A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address 11

How the Internet works 12

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages) A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact, allow users to modify web site content, and have application software built into the site for visitors to use e.g ( and word (processing programs 13

The world wide web  Program that allows you to view Web pages 14 Internet Explorer FirefoxOpera Safari Google Chrome What is a web browser?

The World Wide Web Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window 15

The World Wide Web home page How does a Web browser display a home page? Step 2. If necessary, connect to the Internet Step 3. Connection to the Internet occurs, and a home page displays Step 1. Click the Web browser program name

The World Wide Web A home page is the first page that a Web site displays Web pages provide links to other related Web pages- Surfing the Web Downloading is the process of receiving information 17 Some Web pages are designed specifically for micro browsers

The World Wide Web A Web page has a unique address called a URL (uniform resource locator) or Web address. A web server delivers the Web page to your computer 18

The World Wide Web How do handheld computers and cellular telephones access the Web?  Use a microbrowser that displays Web pages that contain mostly text  Must be Web-enabled

The World Wide Web link What is a link?  Item found elsewhere on same Web page  Different Web page at same Web site  Web page at a different Web site  Built-in connection to another related Web page location

The World Wide Web How can you recognize links?  A link can be text or an image  Pointer changes to a small hand when you point to link  Text links are usually underlined and in a different color

The World Wide Web search engine What is a search engine?  Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text  Also called a keyword

The World Wide Web 9types of Web sites What are the 9 basic types of Web sites?  Portal  News  Informational  Business/Marketing  Educational  Entertainment  Advocacy  Blog  Personal

The World Wide Web A search engine is helpful in locating items such as: Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 24 Page 85 ImagesVideosAudioPublications Maps People or Businesses Blogs

The World Wide Web Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with: 25

The World Wide Web A thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic —used to improve Web page display time Usually click on thumbnail to display larger graphic 26

The World Wide Web animation What is animation?  Appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence

The World Wide Web audio What is audio?  Music, speech, or any other sound  Individual compressed sound files that you download from the Web to your computer  Common Web audio file formats are AA, AAC, AIFF, ASF, MP3, WAV, WMA, RA, and QT  Once downloaded, you can play (listen to) the contents of the files

The World Wide Web streaming audio What is streaming audio? The process of transferring audio in a continuous and even flow Enables you to listen to music as it downloads to your computer

The World Wide Web video What is video?  Consists of full-motion images that are played back at various speeds  MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) is popular video compression standard

The World Wide Web virtual reality (VR) What is virtual reality (VR)?  Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment  Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space  Used for games and many practical applications

The World Wide Web plug-ins What are plug-ins ?  Programs that extend the capability of a browser  You can download many plug-ins at no cost from various Web sites

Web Publishing Web publishing What is Web publishing? Step 1. Plan the Web site Step 2. Analyze and design the Web site Step 3. Create the Web site Step 4. Deploy the Web site Step 5. Maintain the Web site  Development and maintenance of Web pages

E-Commerce E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network – M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place using mobile devices Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 34 Page 98

E-Commerce Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 35 Pages E-commerce Business- to- consumer (B2C) Consumer- to- consumer (C2C) Business- to- business (B2B)

Other Internet Services What is ?  Short for electronic mail  The transmission of messages and files via a computer network  Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments, such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips  Internet access providers usually provide an program  Some Web sites—such as MSN Hotmail and Yahoo!—provide free services  One of the original services on the Internet

Other Internet Services address What is an address?  Unique name that consists of a user name and domain name that identifies the user

Other Internet Services How does an message travel? Step 1. Using software, you create and send message Step 2. Your software contacts software on your ISP’s outgoing mail server Step 4. When recipient uses software to check for messages, the message transfers from incoming mail server to recipient’s computer Step 3. Software on outgoing mail server determines best route for data and sends message, which travels along Internet routers to recipient’s incoming mail server

Other Internet Services FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet Many operating systems include FTP capabilities An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 39 Page 107

Other Internet Services instant messaging (IM) What is instant messaging (IM)? Step 2. The server determines if any of your established friends, family, or coworkers, called buddies, are online Step 3. You send instant messages to an online buddy Step 1. Login to the IM server IM Server Step 4. Your Instant Message travels through a messaging server and then to the online buddy messaging Server  A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or files