Effect of Soil Water Tension Threshold for Irrigation on Cranberry Yield, Yield Components and Water Productivity A UGUST 27 TH 2013 NACREW Q UÉBEC Vincent.

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Effect of Soil Water Tension Threshold for Irrigation on Cranberry Yield, Yield Components and Water Productivity A UGUST 27 TH 2013 NACREW Q UÉBEC Vincent Pelletier Jacques Gallichand Jean Caron

1. I NTRODUCTION

Water Table 40 cm 10 cm 4 kPa h = 40 cm SWT = 4 kPa φ m = -4 kPa S OIL W ATER T ENSION ( O R S OIL WATER P OTENTIAL )

Y IELD VS S OIL W ATER T ENSION

2. O BJECTIVE

This study was conducted to determine the optimum soil water tension for starting irrigation that would optimize water productivity without decreasing yield and yield components (Water productivity was calculated as the yield per unit depth of rainfall and irrigation) O BJECTIVE

3. M ETHODOLOGY

3 sites in Québec 1 site in Wisconsin E XPERIMENTAL S ETUP

W ET (5.5 kPa) D RY (7.0 – 10.0 kPa) C ONTROL ( kPa) I RRIGATION T HRESHOLDS R ETENTION C URVE

M EASUREMENTS Soil water tension (Tensiometer) Rainfall (Weather Station) Irrigation water (Flow meter) Yield : 2474 samples (929 cm 2 ) Yield components : 132 samples (929 cm 2 ) Water Productivity (Yield / (Rainfall+Irrigation)) Statistical analysis to determine the best threshold

4. R ESULTS

Y IELD In 2011  No difference between treatment In 2012  No difference between 5.5 to 8.5 kPa Significant reduction of 11 % in the driest treatment (10.0 kPa) Average yield: lbs/acre

Y IELD COMPONENTS In 2011 : No significant difference In Significant differences :  - 21 % of marketable berries at 10.0 kPa  - 14 % of berries / upright at 8.5 kPa  - 9 % less fruit set at 8.5 kPa  - 7 % of berry weight at 8.0 kPa  No difference between 5.5 and <8.0 kPa

W ATER P RODUCTIVITY : Significantly greater in Dry treatments Wet (5.5 kPa) : 54 – 186 % more irrigation water Dry (7.0–10.0 kPa) : 21 – 93 % less irrigation water

H YDRAULIC C ONDUCTIVITY VS S OIL W ATER T ENSION Water stress affected yields and yield components Good capillary rise Optimum yields Water savings Energy savings Maximum ET rate

5. C ONCLUSION

C ONCLUSION In fine sand, Dry treatments, with irrigation thresholds ranging from 7.0 to 7.5 kPa, improved significantly the water productivity without decreasing yield and yield components C URRENT RESEARCH ( ) The capillary rise is sufficient to meet the plant needs when the water table is controlled at an optimal level

Canneberges Bieler Nature Canneberge Transport Gaston Nadeau Salzwedel Cranberry Ferme Onésime Pouliot T HANK Y OU !!!