Purtilo & Doherty (2011) Chapter 1 Morality and Ethics: What Are They And Why Do They Matter? Slides by W. Rose, C. Polek, P. Butler, H. Brock. College of Health Sciences and College of Arts and Sciences University of Delaware

College of Health Sciences I.Morality and Moral Values II.Subgroups of Morality III.Dimensions of Ethics

College of Health Sciences I. Morality and Moral Values A.Dimensions of morality 1.A society’s morality is the set of “guidelines designed to protect the very fabric of that society” (P&D) 2.“Morality is relational” 3.“The goal of morality is to protect a high quality of life for an individual or a community”. The CodeThe Code 4.Context dependent B.Moral Judgment: involves particulars of a specific situation C.Values: “intrinsic things a person, group, or community holds dear” (P&D) Joe Biden on values

College of Health Sciences I. Morality and Moral Values (continued) D.Moral duty: actions in response to claims placed on a person or society (can be on individual level or a community) E.Moral character or virtue: traits and dispositions or attitudes needed to be able to trust each other and to provide for the flourishing of humankind such as compassion, courage, honesty, faithfulness, respectfulness and humility

College of Health Sciences II.Subgroups of Morality A.Personal morality: “collage of values, duties, actions, and character trait each person adopts as relevant for his or her life” (Purtilo) 1.Integrity: acting in accordance with personal morality (integrity=oneness, wholeness, unity) (tells the truth weather painful or not) 2.Ethical integrity: doing the morally right thing (issue is: not everyone will agree what is the right thing to be done) **everyone has a personal morality and is a part of a societal morality….no man is an island**

College of Health Sciences II.Subgroups of Morality (cont.) B.Societal Morality: Values and ideas of duty that derive from deep religious, philosophical, and anthropological beliefs about human beings and their relationships with higher power(s), with each other, and with the natural world. C.Group Morality: Moral guidelines adopted by a group 1. Professional codes of ethics 2.Customs, policies, practices of an institution

College or Department name here Group discussions 1.Do you agree with the statements about morality on P&B p.6, and this talk slide 3? 2.P&B p.8 reflection1 3.P&B p.8 reflection2 4.P&B p.9 reflection 5.P&B p.16 reflection 6.Find and present to the class online codes of conduct for two professional groups.

College of Health Sciences III.Dimensions of Ethics: Study of and Reflection on Morality A.Traditional branches of philosophy (love of wisdom) 1.Axiology: The study of value a.Aesthetics: The study of artistic value and beauty b.Ethics : The study of moral values. 2.Metaphysics: The study of what is real 3.Epistemology: The study of what “knowing” is

College of Health Sciences III.Dimensions of Ethics: Study of and Reflection on Morality A. 1. b. Ethics 1)The study of moral values. 2)“Systematic study of, and reflection on, morality.” (Purtilo) 3)“The study of the concepts involved in practical reasoning: good, right, duty, obligation, virtue, freedom, rationality, choice.” (Blackburn, Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. London: OUP, 1994, p.126.) Morals versus ethics: Sometimes different moral values conflict (moral. Ethical analysis is the process of resolving such Lying is immoral, but sometimes lying is the ethical thing to do.

College of Health Sciences III.Dimensions of Ethics: Study of and Reflection on Morality Morals Versus Ethics Morals (moral values) sometimes conflict: a moral dilemma. Ethics gives us a method to analyze and resolve moral dilemmas. Examples of moral dilemmas: Trolley problemLifeboat dilemma Les MiserablesSophie’s Choice Waterboarding “Lying is immoral, but sometimes lying is the ethical thing to do.”

College of Health Sciences III.Dimensions of Ethics: Study of and Reflection on Morality B.Ethicists and ethics committees 1.Hospital: At least one ethicist in the group CCHS E.C.CCHS E.C. 2.University: Human Subjects Protection UD IRBUD IRB 3.Not just humans: Animal care & use committee UD IACUCUD IACUC

College of Health Sciences III.Dimensions of Ethics: Study of and Reflection on Morality C.Traditional “branches” of ethics 1)Meta-ethics: Study of the origin and meaning of ethical principles 2)Normative ethics: Development of moral standards (ethical norms) to regulate behavior 3)Applied ethics: The application of ethical norms (morals) to specific situations, such as abortion, euthanasia, etc. Health care providers must be applied ethicists. This course is designed to prepare you for that responsibility.

College of Health Sciences III.Dimensions of Ethics: Study of and Reflection on Morality D.Ethics and Law Laws are designed to encourage and require moral and ethical behavior. Laws tell us what our duties are. Lawful = Ethical: usually but not always. Legal system designed for stability, predictability, continuity, with great respect for precedents. Thus laws are difficult to change. Laws often lag behind scientific & technological development. What are health care examples of discrepancies between what is legal and what is ethical?

College of Health Sciences III.Dimensions of Ethics: Study of and Reflection on Morality D.Ethics and Law, continued Laws protect the professional (usually) 1.State interests: responsibility to intervene on behalf of persons a.To save a life b.To prevent a suicide c.To protect an innocent person from harm d.To protect a professional as a bearer of the integrity of his or her professions 2.Licensing laws 3.Moral repugnance: Professional not required to participate in an act which is (to them) morally repugnant.

College of Health Sciences III.Dimensions of Ethics: Study of and Reflection on Morality D.Ethics and Law, continued Limits of protection You may be in a situation where morality and legality (or professional standards) conflict. Know your values Example: ACOG says ob-gyn can’t treat menACOG says ob-gyn can’t treat men ACOG changes its stance