One-Dimensional Sea Ice-Ocean Model Applied to SHEBA Experiment in Winter Paper Review One-Dimensional Sea Ice-Ocean Model Applied to SHEBA Experiment in Winter Wen-Yih Sun and Jiun-Dar Chern Wen-Ien

Introduction SHEBA: The Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean The model includes 1. a mixed-layer ocean model, ( used to predict water temp., salinity, density, and turbulent kinetic energy ) 2. a multi-layer snow/ice model, ( used to predict the thickness, temp., and heat transfer of snow/sea ice ) and the interfaces among atmosphere, snow/sea ice, and sea water.

1. One-Dim. Mixed-Layer Ocean Model a. b. c. c. (Salinit y) (Densit y) (Ener gy) The equations for a one-dimensional ocean model, which include 27 layers. S: salinity, Δz: layer-thickness, ρ:density, T: water temperature, c: the specific heat capacity.

1. Here k-1/2 and k+1/2 stand for the value at the top and bottom of the k- layer. 2. is the eddy flux and is derived from. : the eddy coefficient 3. : the Newtonian forcing for salinity. a. Sanity ( )

1. : the density of sea water, = 1000 and = K. 2. b. Density ( )

1. is the specific heat capacity of sea water. 2. : the Newtonian forcing for temperature. 3. : the net latent heat released from freezing or melting. : is the mass loss (gain) due to freeze (melt) at the open water surface or ice-water interface. are precipitation rate for rain and snow. is the new fallen snow density. 4. The freezing point of seawater:. c. Energy ( )

5. H is the heat flux inside the seawater. c. Energy Sensible Heat Flux Latent Heat Flux Heat Transfer of Precipitation albedo Downward Shortwave Radiation Upward and Downward Longwave Radiations Eddy Heat Flux

:wind speed near surface; c. Energy

To Be Continued…