A Guide to Moral Development Presented By: Melissa Wehunt

Pedagogy & Andragogy  Pedagogy: The art or profession of teaching; preparatory training or instruction (American Heritage, 2006)  Andragogy: The methods or techniques used to teach adults (Random House, 2006)  History: Teaching style fluctuates through history…  YouTube - Homer evolution YouTube - Homer evolution  Confucius, Plato, Socrates, etc.  Ancient Chinese, Hebrew, Greeks, etc.  7 th Century Europe  Post World War I

Moral Development Theory  Overview of Meaning…  Transformation of cognitive structures dependent on cognitive development and the stimulation of the social environment (Duska & Whelan, 1975, p. 7)  Teaching of rules and the development of character are expected to produce behavior that is traditionally accepted (Duska & Whelan, 1975, p. 5)  Values such as honesty, self-control, courage, friendliness and respect. (Duska & Whelan, 1975, p. 5)  Play Dough Exercise  Heart, Cross, Square, Triangle, Circle  Think about the different meanings each shape could mean to either a Child  Young Adult  Adult

Major Theorists  Jean Piaget  3 main stages-  Stage 1: Conscious that rules exist; life is a game  Stage 2: Respect for adults; letter of the rule vs. context of community life  Stage 3: Weigh relationships and circumstances before decisions are made  YouTube - Jean Piaget - Davidson Films YouTube - Jean Piaget - Davidson Films

Major Theorists Cont.  Lawrence Kohlberg  Moral Judgment stages-  Pre-Conventional  Punishment & Obedience  Instrumental Relativist  Conventional  Interpersonal Concordance  Law and Order  Post-Conventional  Social Contract/Legalistic  Universal Ethical Principle  Moral Judgment Situations

Major Theorists Cont.  Erik Erikson  Identity Development  8 crisis or dilemmas  If resolved  Strength  Dilemmas present at predictable stages  YouTube - erik erikson YouTube - erik erikson  Oral-Sensory / Trust-Mistrust  Muscular-Anal / Autonomy-Shame  Locomotion-Genital / Initiative-Guilt  Latency / Industry-Inferiority  Puberty-Adolescence / Identity-Role Confusion  Young Adulthood / Intimacy-Isolation  Final Stage / Integrity-Despair (Holton, Knowles, & Swanson,1998, p.20).

Major Theorists Cont.  Carol Gilligan  Theorist who pursues the misunderstanding of women in developmental theories  Women are stereotyped negatively when they don’t develop the same way as men  Major Point: Error is in the theories and not in women

…Points to Consider…  Development is a step by step process  Development can terminate at any age  Reasoning is usually one stage with occasional reasoning either one step below or above  A person can be attracted to a level either above or below him  Development is not governed by age  Cognitive development is necessary, but not sufficient for development  Empathy is necessary, but not sufficient for development

Education Into Practice  Problems or obstacles serving children  Discussion  Stage?  Learning style?  Ideas – Story time, enforcement of library rules, parent/child interaction, clarifying feelings and needs  Problems or obstacles serving young adults  Discussion  Stage?  Learning Style?  Ideas – Peer study, book discussions, enforcement of library rules, role- playing, higher stage reasoning  Problems or obstacles serving adults  Discussion  Stage  Learning Style?  Ideas – higher stage reasoning, book / developmental discussions, classes base on needs of users

References  Andragogy. (2006). In Random House dictionary unabridged online dictionary. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from  Duska, R., & Whelan, M. (1975). Moral development: A guide to Piaget and Kohlberg. New York: Paulist Press.  Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.  Holton, E.F, Knowles, M.S., & Swanson, R.A. (1998). The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Houston: Gulf Publishing Company.  Pedagogy. (2006). In American Heritage online dictionary. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from

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