Hunters and Gatherers pages 55-61

site A place where human once lived

Site Example: a dig, Neanderthals in Gibraltar, construction site, cave How I will remember this – a site is place where you see – or have sight of fossils.

dig When excavations are happening at a site

dig Example: Skara Brae - Catal Huyuk How I will remember this – you dig in the dirt, uncover

grid A pattern of squares used to record the location of an artifact or fossil

grid Example: graph paper, lines on a map How I will remember this – graph paper, Math grid

Artifact A human made objects that archaeologists search for

artifact Example: sculpture, tools, weapons, ruins, paintings How I will remember this – ART = artifacts are pieces of art - ART is a FACT made by humans

Radiocarbon dating The way experts judge the age of fossils It tells how much carbon remains in a once living person, animal or plant

Radiocarbon Dating Example: finding the age of a person, fossil, bones, plants How I will remember this – CARBON dating - seeing how old it is Data

Consequence An effect, sometime negative

consequence Example: illness, talk to much = detention, actions taken, getting grounded How I will remember this – - it’s a problem – CON – against/bad - sequence – events that happen Sickness punishment

Extinct no longer living

Extinct Example: dinosaurs, Neanderthals, early humans, mammoths How I will remember this – EX = no longer EXIT= no longer here

Migration Seasonal movement from one place to another in search of food, shelter, needed resources

Migration Example: geese, monarch butterflies, summer people How I will remember this – migrate= to move My great trip

Ice Age A long period of bitter cold

Ice Age Example: no enough food = extinct, winter, Neandertals, large ice cube How I will remember this – The movie – Ice Age

Glacier Huge sheets of ice covering parts of the Earth’s surface

Glacier Example: huge pieces of ice Sheet covers you How I will remember this - Titanic

Tundra Large treeless plains found in the arctic

Tundra Example: the arctic, snow capped mountain, frozen soil, no leaves How I will remember this – a ton of snow Toyota tundra could drive there

Culture A way of life for a particular group beliefs, customs, language & art Over time, all cultures change Language passes customs and traditions on

Culture Example: Christmas, Halloween, holidays, clothing, food How I will remember this – Restaurants in Westfield

Society An organized group of people living and working under a set of rules and traditions

Society Example: South Middle School How I will remember this - social

Layer Dating Judging the age of a fossil by the layer of the Earth it is found in Fossils in lower layers are older than fossils in higher layers

Layer Dating Example: the game on the computer – the letters, A layer cake Grand Canyon Earth’s layers How I will remember this – Layers = many on top of another – dress for winter, overlapping LAY = one on top of another Dating = date= calendar, age

Language Communicating with spoken words

Language Example: chinese, spanish, french, english, german, italian, russian, Ukrainian, Hebrew, How I will remember this -

Page 56 Why was cooperation important ? To gather food To hunt for food To care for the sick To build shelter To make tools To make clothing

Pages Between 12,000 and 100,000 The earliest African bands spread to Asia, Europe, Australia, and finally the Americas. How did they reach Australia? They used log rafts and traveled over the water. How did they reach North America? They migrated over a land bridge that crossed the Bering Strait. They traveled from Siberia in Russia to Alaska.

Early Cultures varied because of climate and natural resources: Clothing food shelter tools

Early cultures varied because of unique individuals: each had their own ideas different solutions to problems met their needs in different ways

Climate changes – clothing, food Language allowed stories to be passed Contact with others Cultures Changed:

Pass on customs – beliefs, food, clothing Warn of danger Cooperate Share new ideas Create rules How did language help early people develop their own culture?

How do people in our society cooperate?