DISASTER RISK REDUCTION vs. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: Sharing of Good Practice Options Satendra Executive Director NIDM

Increased Hydro-meteorological Disasters (Drought, Flood, Cyclone, Typhoons, Salinity, Erosion, etc)

NATURAL DISASTERS (World wide) (number & trend)

Climate Change and Rural livelihood : (close association with climate) Agriculture- Increase or decrease in rainfall amount & by shifts in the timing of the rainfall. Higher temperatures- reduce the total duration of a crop cycle, leading to a lower yield (wheat and paddy crops). Soil erosion & moisture decrease Soil quality degradation and increase in salinity. Increased numbers of pests and weeds. Other rural livelihood sectors affected- fishery, livestock and forestry

Change in RAINFALL Frequent & Severe Flood, Higher river erosion Increased sedimentation Increased River flow ( warm season) Lower flow (once glacier melted) Increased saline intrusion More storm surge Higher wind speed Saline water intrusion Rise in Temperature. More wet climate Land inundation Salt water intrusion Increased soil salinity Droughts condition Soil degradation Fall in water table Irrigation water scarcity Soil nutrient deficiency More Disease (cattle/crop) Agr; land inundation & erosion Damage to crop, fishery. livestock Agr. Input loss ( fert, seeds etc.) Agr. Land inundation Scarcity of water for irrigation Soil degradation ( more salinity) Agriculture land loss Scarcity of irrigation water Soil degradation (moresalinity) Rise in insect infestation Crop and cattle disease Less evapo-transpiration Direct loss to crop, fishery, & livestock Soil becomes infertile Scarcity of fresh water (irrigation ) Resulting into--- Impact on Rural Livelihood Food insecurity Nutrition deficiency Increased poverty Poor health Scarce Livelihood Migration HUMID / WARM CLIMATE SEA LEVEL RISE GLACIAR MELTING LOWER RAINFALL MORE CYCLONE POOR NATIONAL DEVELOPM-ENT CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON RURAL LIVELIHOOD AND FOOD SECURITY MAJOR THREAT: FOOD INSECURITY

Climate change adaptation & its characteristics: Climate change Adaptation : adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects. Characteristics: Adaptation to climate change is a natural process- community adapt and develop survival kits itself. Adaptation to climate change is a social learning process - learning how to adapt (better) takes time. Adaptation to climate change is very location specific – not all fit to everywhere

Saline water intrusion in agriculture fields

Saline soil

Hanging homestead garden ADATING TO CLIMATE CHANGE : EXAMPLES

SARJAN

FLOATING GARDEN

DRIP IRRIGATION

RICE FISH CULTURE

SALT RESISTANT RICE VARIETY in saline coastal area

ELEVATED HOUSE: protection from high tide water

Banana stem as boat

Bridge the gap between global climate information and local adaptation needs of rural population. Develop mechanisms to address climate change adaptation at the local level by using different prediction models and climate scenarios data, translating them into local impact outlooks and finally into location specific livelihood adaptation practices. Fit the location specific agro-ecological setting. Increase climate resilience and reduce the risk of hazard impacts to the production system. Maintain (or increase) the income level of rural population and Do not increase green house gas emissions DECREASE RISKS (Present & Future) Project Strategy:

The Approach:

ADAPTATION OPTIONS’ PRIORITIZATION MECHANISM: (Sample provided) FEASIBILITY EVALUATION (of adaptation options) 1. Agro- ecological suitability 2. Economic & social feasibility 3. Increase resilience against impact of climate hazard exposure 4. Does not make contribution to GH Gases Not recommended IDEAL Highly recommended Recommended 1,2,3, 4 + Mit 1,2, 3 &4 1,2 &3 Not 1 &2 Acceptable 1&2

Agro- ecological suitability Economic & social feasibility Increase resilience against impact of climate hazard exposure Does not make contribution to GH G Farmers’ perception Experts’ perception Climatic, edaphic and topographic conditions and agro-ecological zones Cost of input Net benefits Quantity of yield Capacity building requirements +/-employment opportunities for the landless Hazard resilience of innovation +/- water use Cost for irrigation Reduced risk by changed farming schedule or varieties =/- chemical fertilizer use + /- use of organic manure