BELLWORK 1.List three ways civilians helped with the war effort. 2.What was the Bracero Program? 3.How did segregationist attitudes towards African Americans change during WWII? 4.How did the role of women change during WWII? 5.Who were the code talkers? 6.THINKER: Ever since the draft was first used during The Civil War, there has been a lot of opposition. Do you think a country should be allowed to draft their citizens to fight in combat? Why or why not? Or should it be based only on volunteers? Explain!

Ration coins (introduced in 1944) allowed retailers to give change back for food bought with ration stamps. OPA: Office of Price Administration Rationing

Above is a 1946 announcement concerning the availability of nylon stockings following the war. Uncle Sam last week assumed the role of fashion designer. Sweeping restrictions aim to save 15 percent of the yardage now used on women's and girls' apparel through such measures as restricting hems and belts to two inches, eliminating cuffs on sleeves. Exempt categories include bridal gowns, maternity dresses, vestments for religious orders. - Life Magazine, April 20, 1942

The OPA established the Idle Tire Purchase Plan, and could deny mileage rations to anyone owning passenger tires not in use. Voluntary gas rationing proved ineffective and by the spring of 1942 mandatory rationing was needed. To get your classification and ration stamps, you had to certify to a local board that you needed gas and owned no more than five tires.

War Bonds

Victory Gardens

The Draft

Mexican Americans in WWII

African Americans in WWII

Native Americans in WWII

How “code talking” worked…. Battle ship = whale Fighter plane = hummingbird tank = tortoise Made multiple letters of the alphabet for words they didn’t have a translation for 29 code talkers started, 27 deployed in Pacific – first main battle was used in Guadalcanal Some threatened because allies thought they were Japanese, now every code talker had a body guard

Women in WWII

Rosie the Riveter A fictional woman created in 1942 to recruit new women workers. She was a home front hero, worked in a defense plant, and her boyfriend served in the Marines.

All the day long whether rain or shine She’s a part of the assembly line She’s making history, working for victory Rosie the Riveter Keeps a sharp lookout for sabotage Sitting up there on the fuselage That little frail can do more than a male will do Rosie the Riveter Rosie’s got a boyfriend, Charlie Charlie, he’s a Marine Rosie is protecting Charlie Working overtime on the riveting machine When they gave her a production “E” She was as proud as a girl could be There’s something true about Red, white, and blue about Rosie the Riveter

Rosie the Riveter - Discussion What does Rosie represent? What is this song encouraging people to do? How is Rosie protecting Charlie? Do you think this would be an effective form of propaganda during WWII? Explain.

WWII Racism - Discussion Although minority groups were gaining more power & rights during WWII, there remained racism. What were the Zoot Suit Riots? Segregation was still the law Women were still paid less than men How do you think people viewed Japanese Americans?

Japanese Internment After Pearl Harbor, many U.S. citizens felt prejudice and fear towards Japanese Americans. In 1942, FDR signed Executive Order 9066, which sent Japanese (both citizens and non citizens) to camps far from the coast. Internment camps caused Japanese Americans to lose their property, businesses, farms and homes.

"A viper is nonetheless a viper whenever the egg is hatched - so a Japanese American, born of Japanese parents - grows up to be a Japanese, not an American.“ »Los Angeles Times "I am for the immediate removal of every Japanese on the West Coast to a point deep in the interior. I don't mean a nice part of the interior either. Herd 'em up, pack 'em off and give 'em the inside room in the badlands. Personally, I hate the Japanese. And that goes for all of them.“ »Henry McLemore, columnist

WRA = WAR RELOCATION AUTHORITY

Japanese Internment In the case Korematsu vs. United States (1944), the Supreme Court ruled wartime relocation was constitutional and the policy was not based on race. “The military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast temporarily.” In 1988, Congress gave each surviving Japanese American $20,000 and an official apology.

Japanese Americans in the Military The military refused to accept Japanese Americans into the armed forces until early More than 17,000 fought for the U.S. in WWII. The soldiers of the all-Japanese 442 nd Regimental Combat Team won more medals for bravery than any other unit in U.S. history.

Reading: “Japanese American Evacuation and Relocation in WWII” To learn more about the specifics of Japanese Internment, you are going to read a handout. Answer the following questions on your own sheet of paper!

Reading: “Japanese American Evacuation and Relocation in WWII” 1.What did General John DeWitt determine was the only safe action to prevent “Japanese enemy aliens?” 2.Why did Japanese immigrants first come to America? 3.What is the difference between an Issei and a Nisei? 4.Reread the opinions of government officials Biddle and DeWitt. With which argument do you most agree? Explain! 5.List Roosevelt’s options. What did he do to solve the problem of Japanese subversives in the US? 6.Describe the conditions in the relocation camps. 7.How did Japanese internment end? 8.Do you think the compensation awarded to Japanese American evacuees in 1988 was just? Explain!