Sentence Patterns 9-10 with variations

Pattern 9 Formula Repetition of a Key Term __ S V key term or repeated key term., (use dash or comma before repetition)

Note 1: Key word must be worth repeating –Repeat the word exactly as it is, or you may use another form of the word. brute  brutal; breath  breathtaking; battle  battling –Ineffective, uninteresting repetition: He was a good father, providing a good home for his good children.

Note 2: Be sure attached phrase with the repeated key tern is NOT a complete sentence (or else you will create a comma splice) –Wrong: He was a cruel brute of a man, he was brutal to his family and even more brutal to his friends. –Correction: He was a cruel brute of a man, brutal to his family and even more brutal to his friends.

Examples We live in an uncertain world—the inner world, the world of the mind. We all have problems but we can find a solution, a solution that works, a solution that is equitable. She suddenly felt filled with joy—a joy she could not explain but that she gladly embraced.

Pattern 9 Practice Directions: Complete each of the following sentences by repeating the underlined word. 1.The floats in the parade were stunning, stunning in ____________________, stunning also in ____________. 2.Courteous—courteous to ___________________________, courteous to _________________________________—the prom committee managed to smooth all the tense situations. 3.The faithful worshipers believed the religious leader to be a compassionate man, compassionate to ___________________________.

Variation 9a Formula Same word repeated in parallel structure anywhere in the sentence S V repeated key word in same position of the sentence.

Explanation and Examples of Ways to Repeat 1.Repeat an effective adjective or adverb in phrases or clauses with parallel construction: She has an incredible satisfying life, satisfying because of her career and satisfying because of her family. 2.Repeat the same preposition in a series: He has known her for many years, before she went to college, before she was a star, before she won the Oscar. 3.Repeat the same noun as the object of different prepositions: This government is of the people, by the people, and for the people.

4.Repeat the same modifying word in phrases that begin with different prepositions: Sidney devoted his life to those selfish people, for their selfish cause, but clearly with his own selfish motives dominating his every action. 5.Repeat the same intensifiers: The baseball game was very exciting, very enjoyable, but very long. 6.Repeat the same verb or alternative forms of the same word: In order to survive in war, a person needs training, a person needs courage, and, most of all, a person needs luck.

Pattern 9A Practice 1.If you have unrealistic dreams, you may need to find other _______, other ______. 2.Los Angeles presents great entertainment to visitors—great _____, great ______, great ________. 3.His greatest ______, his greatest _____, his greatest _______came to Edison only after repeated failures.

Pattern 10 Formula Emphatic appositive at end, after a colon S V word: the appositive (the second naming) (with or without modifiers)

Explanation Withholding the repetition until the end of the sentence builds to a climax and provides a forceful, emphatic appositive that concludes the sentence and shouts for attention. Colon marks a full stop –Use only after a complete statement –Anticipates an explanation

Examples Her room contained a collection of trash: old clothes, soda cans, McDonald’s wrappers. When I go to the movies, I need two things to really enjoy it: popcorn and a soda. Airport thieves have a common target: unwary travelers.

Pattern 10 Practice 1.Make up a sentence with a list of people as the emphatic appositive. 2.Make up a sentence with a location and its description as the emphatic appositive. 3.Make up a sentence with a list of movies as the emphatic appositive.

Variation 10a Formula Appositive after a dash S V word — the appositive. (echoed idea or second naming)

Explanation Instead of colon, use a dash. –Dash almost always precedes a short climactic appositive –Colon generally precedes a longer appositive

Examples Many traditional philosophies echo the ideas of one man—Plato. Pandas eat only one food—bamboo shoots. These big burgers taste great but they have lots of calories—over 1,000.

Pattern 10A Practice Directions: Use the following words as the appositive at the end of the sentence. 1.a new car 2.chicken tenders 3.the security guard