Warm-Up # 85 What are sediments? Rock Fragments, Mineral Grains, And Bits Of Shell

Warm-Up # 86 Which rocks are the most common? Is that the same as the type we most see at Earth’s surface? Igneous rocks are the most common rocks on Earth, but because most of them exist below the surface you might not have seen too many of them. 75 percent of the rocks exposed at the surface are sedimentary rocks

Warm-Up # 87 What is compaction? Where sediments are deposited, layer upon layer builds up. Pressure from the upper layers pushes down on the lower layers. If the sediments are small, they can stick together and form solid rock. This process is called compaction.

Warm-Up # 88 What is cementation? If sediments are large, like sand and pebbles, pressure alone can’t make them stick together Large sediments have to be cemented together. As water moves through soil and rock, it picks up materials released from minerals during weathering. The resulting solution of water and dissolved materials moves through open spaces between sediments. These dissolved materials act like glue.

Warm-Up # 89 What is the atmosphere? The atmosphere is the layers of gases surrounding the Earth.

WARM-UP # 90 What are the five layers of the atmosphere from closest to the earth to the furthest? HINT: The Strong Man’s Triceps Explode

WARM-UP # 90 What are the five layers of the atmosphere from closest to the earth to the furthest? TroposphereStratosphereMesosphereThermosphereExosphere

Warm-Up # 91 What creates weather? The properties of air combined with the energy from the sun.

Warm-Up # 92 What is air a mixture of? Gases, liquid water, and microscopic particles of solids and other liquids.

Warm-Up # 93 What are aerosols? Solids in the atmosphere such as dust, salt, pollen, and tiny liquid droplets such as acids.

Warm-Up # 94 What are the layers of the atmosphere based on? The layers are based on temperature changes that occur with altitude.

Warm-Up # 95 What is global warming and what gas in the atmosphere is making the earth hotter? Global warming is the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere. It is primarily caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide.

Warm-Up # 96 Where does most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere come from? 1)Coal-burning power plants 2)Cars

Warm-Up # 97 Is Earth really getting warmer? Yes. Earth is REALLY getting warmer. There is agreement among the scientific community that the earth has warmed in the last century. The world's most prestigious scientific bodies put it in a joint statement signed by the heads of the national science academies in Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the US: "Climate change is real. There will always be uncertainty in understanding a system as complex as the world's climate. However there is now strong evidence that significant global warming is occurring. The evidence comes from direct measurements of rising surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures and from phenomena such as increases in average global sea levels, retreating glaciers, and changes to many physical and biological systems."

Warm-Up # 98 Why is global warming bad? Global warming is causing damage in many parts of the United States. For example: Increased wildfires, dust storms, droughts, less snow and smaller ice caps Colorado, Arizona and Oregon have worse wildfire seasons now than ever. Droughts are creating severe dust storms in Montana, Colorado and Kansas. Since the early 1950s, snow accumulation has declined 60 percent and winter seasons have shortened in some areas of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington. The area of the Arctic's polar ice cap is getting smaller at the rate of 9 percent per decade.

Warm-Up # 99 What country is the largest source of global warming pollution? China produces 25% of the carbon dioxide. Americans make up just 4 percent of the world's population but we produce 18 percent of the carbon dioxide pollution. We can make it better by reducing pollution from vehicles and power plants. We can increase our reliance on renewable energy sources such as wind, sun and geothermal. And we can manufacture more efficient appliances and conserve energy.

Warm-Up # 100 (aka #8) What is the scientific method? It is a simple method scientists use to conduct an investigation. It is a way to ask & answer scientific questions by asking questions & conducting experiments.