United States Power Squadrons® Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 United States Power Squadrons® Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal Navigation) Chapter 3 Fixes Educational Officer – Dave West dwest@voyager.net - 651-429-3840 Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg davidmoberg@att.net – 715-386-8582 Instructor – Art Mollica artmollica@usfamily.net - 651-777-0277 Introduce USPS and what we do Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors Explain the logistics for the session Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Any questions on homework from Chapter 1? Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Any questions on homework from Chapter 1? The chart projection used for U.S. coastal areas is: (b) Mercator. An advantage of the Mercator projection is: (c) lines of latitude and longitude are at right angles to each other. When comparing a land mass at a latitude of 70ºN on a Mercator chart with a comparable size land mass near the equator, the: (b) land mass at 70 ºN will appear larger. Polyconic projections are useful especially when traveling over great distances. (b) False As long as a Polyconic chart is limited in extent, the curvature of the grid lines is negligible and the chart is very accurate. (a) True On a Polyconic projection, the parallels of latitude are straight lines. (b) False In planning a cruise, the steering error that can be expected under normal weather conditions is: (b) between 3 º to 5 º. The smaller your boat’s compass, the easier it is to read. (b) False One of the most important advantages of pre-plotting a cruise is that it tells you: (c) areas of hazard to be avoided. When underway in waters near land, it’s best to plot GPS fixes and time every: (c) hour or so. Introduce USPS and what we do Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors Explain the logistics for the session Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Any questions on homework from Chapter 1? Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Any questions on homework from Chapter 1? Raster formatted digital charts: (b) have the look and feel of traditional paper charts. Vector formatted digital charts: (d) are easily stored on chips or cartridges. Digital charts are less accurate than traditional paper charts. (b) False Using the zoom function on a raster digital chart increases the precision of detail. (b) False Chart scale is a factor in determining the accuracy of a digital chart, therefore: (b) a large scale chart covers a small area with great detail. The use of a Chartplotter requires: (d) input from a digital chart to activate the display. Introduce USPS and what we do Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors Explain the logistics for the session Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Any questions on homework from Chapter 2? Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Any questions on homework from Chapter 2? Computer-assisted navigation systems are: (b) useful for planning a cruise in the comfort on one’s home or office. The most accurate radar fix is obtained by: (d) using simultaneous ranges to two or more known points. An electronic bearing line (EBL) lays a line of bearing over a target to: (b) determine the bearing to the target. The variable range marker (VRM) on the radar display screen is used to determine: (c) distance to a target. Range rings on a radar display screen allow the operator to estimate the: (a) distance to a displayed object. According to the rules of relative motion: (b) all fixed objects appear to be moving in the direction opposite from your boat’s motion. According to the rules of relative motion, on a boat’s radar screen when your boat increases speed going forward, all relative motion tends to move toward the bottom of the display screen. (a) True Fixed objects can be differentiated from moving objects on the radar screen by noting which objects appear to be moving: (d) downward on the radar screen in relation to your boat’s course and speed. Introduce USPS and what we do Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors Explain the logistics for the session Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Any questions on homework from Chapter 2? Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Any questions on homework from Chapter 2? A “lollypop” displayed on a radar screen is a dashed line to a circle: (b) indicating a GPS waypoint. A depth sounder, when combined with another navigation tool, can be used to estimate a boat’s position. (a) True The primary purpose of a depth sounder is to: (c) determined water depth below the hull of a boat. Depth sounders can be used to crosscheck the proper functioning of the GPS. (a) True Introduce USPS and what we do Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors Explain the logistics for the session Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Visual Bearing Limitations Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Visual Bearing Limitations Multiple Bearings Simultaneous Bearings Often Difficult Landmarks not Separated Sufficiently Landmarks too Far Away Only one Landmark available Two Bearings on same Landmark Sight Landmark from Different Directions Second Bearing Somewhat Later Called ‘Running Fix’ Advance First Bearing to Current Position Use Distance Run to Determine How Far Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Running Fix N “3” 0935-1012 325M 1012 060M 1012 0935 325M C 285M S 7.5 Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Running Fix N “3” 0935-1012 325M 1012 060M 1012 0935 325M C 285M S 7.5 1012 RFix 0935 Surely, you have questions. C 285M S 7.5 Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Running Fix N “9” 1415 060M C 090M 1415 1445 RFix S 7.5 C 090M Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Running Fix N “9” 1415 060M C 090M S 7.5 1415 1445 RFix C 090M S 7.5 1415-1445 060M 1445 Surely, you have questions. 1445 170M C “14” Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Running Fix (open ocean) Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Running Fix (open ocean) Taught in JN Charts not available Create on using CLS NavAids not available Sights on Sun Morning Noon Evening Advance Morning to noon Noon to evening Evening to morning Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Take out Bowditch Bay Chart. Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Exercise 3 - 1 Take out Bowditch Bay Chart. Using two bearings on the same landmark and advance an LOP to plot a Running Fix. At 0900, depart R”2” Fl R 4s Oyster River on a true course of 355. Speed is 6.0 Kn. At 0926, you take a hand bearing compass bearing of 310 on Chapman Point Light. At 0955, you take a second compass bearing of 260 on Chapman Point Light. With these two bearings, plot a running fix. What are the coordinates of the 0955 running fix? Seaman’s Eye: What can you use to confirm the accuracy of the 0955 fix? At 0955, you take up a magnetic heading of 099. You increase your speed to 12 Kn. 0926-0955 310M 0955 C 099M S 12.0 0955 260M 0955 RFix 0926 310M 0926 M = 099 V = 015W T = 084 You are nearly due north of G C”1”, confirming your position 41º 42.7’N 72º 01.6’W D = (ST) / 60 D = 6.0x29/60 D = 2.9nm D = (ST) / 60 D = 6.0x26/60 D = 2.6nm T = 355 V = 015W M = 010 D = 000 C = 010 C 010M S 6.0 Surely, you have questions. 0900 Visual C = 260 D = 000 M = 260 V = 015W T = 245 C = 310 D = 000 M = 310 V = 015W T = 295 Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Homework Exercise 3-1 Running Fix Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Homework Exercise 3-1 Running Fix At 1300, depart from a GPS fix of L 41º 45.0’ N, Lo 71º 55.0’ W on true course of 230º and speed of 6.0kn. At 1330, take a hand-bearing compass bearing of 318º on “Fl R 6s Horn.” At 1355, take a hand-bearing compass bearing of 280º on “Chapman Pt “Fl 6s” Plot 1355 running fix. What are the coordinates? L 41º 41.6’ N Lo 72º 01.7’ W Take up a heading to RW “OR” Mo(A). 1300 GPS C 245M S 6.0 1330 318M 0926-0955 310M 1330 0955 C 099M S 12.0 0955 RFix 0955 260M 1355 RFix 1355 280M 1355 0926 310M C 175M S 6.0 1330-1355 318M Introduce USPS and what we do Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors Explain the logistics for the session 0926 C 010M S 6.0 0900 Visual Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Radar Fix Compare with Chart Identifiable features Distinct Shorelines Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Radar Fix Compare with Chart Identifiable features Distinct Shorelines Isolated Buoys Plot Convert Relative Bearings Distance & Bearing to return echoes Accuracy Short Distances (<1/4nm): EBL 55ft; VRM 30ft Medium Distances (<2nm): EBL 300ft; VRM 75ft Long Distances (>3nm): EBL 650ft; VRM 200ft Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Radar Plotting Board 1/2rr CPA / TCPA 1004 2.4nm 084º R Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Radar Plotting Board 1/2rr CPA / TCPA 1004 2.4nm 084º R 1010 1.4nm 064º R 1016 1.0nm 028º R 1016 1010 Modern, high-end radar uses mini-automatic radar plotting aid (MARPA) – allowing you to identify vessel, speed, bearing, closest point of approach and time to closest point of approach. 1004 Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Radar Images Buoys are Point Targets Challenge: Uniquely Identify Buoy Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Radar Images Buoys are Point Targets Challenge: Uniquely Identify Buoy Shoreline Less Defined Shapes Change with Each Sweep Only See Forward Slope Low-lying Areas may not Provide Echoes Look for Point Features of Shoreline Look for Prominent Regions Get Distance from each Feature Approximate Position Likely Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Position by Radar C 275M S 7.5 Time Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Position by Radar C 275M S 7.5 Time Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Position by Radar 3nm 275ºM + R/R 1 / 2 H – UP AUTO M EBL 1 VRM 1 Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Position by Radar + 3nm R/R 1 / 2 H – UP AUTO M 275ºM EBL 1 VRM 1 245.0º R 01.80 NM EBL 2 VRM 2 020.0º R 00.00 NM CURSOR BRG 000º RNG 01.8NM VRM1 EBL1 EBL2 Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Position by Radar + Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Position by Radar EBL1 245ºR EBL2 020ºR Range 1.8nm C 275M S 7.5 D 1.8 Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Position by Radar EBL1 245ºR EBL2 020ºR Range 1.8nm C 275M S 7.5 D 1.8 Time Time 295M MC 275º RB 245º 520º -360º MB 160º V 15ºW TB 145º Time Radar Surely, you have questions. Time 160M Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Take out Bowditch Bay Chart. Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Exercise 3 – 2 Take out Bowditch Bay Chart. Using a radar range and a radar bearing on two objects, plot a radar fix. You depart RG “CP” Fl (2+1) R 6s at 0900 on a magnetic heading of 112. Speed is 6.0 Kn. M 122º V 15ºW T 107º C 112M 0900 Visual S 6.0 Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

At 0950, this is your radar screen image, plot a radar fix. Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Exercise 3 – 2 + 3nm R/R 1 / 2 H – UP AUTO M 112ºM EBL 1 VRM 1 245.0º R 01.50 NM EBL 2 VRM 2 000.0º R 00.00 NM CURSOR BRG 000º RNG 00.0NM Surely, you have questions. At 0950, this is your radar screen image, plot a radar fix. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Take out Bowditch Bay Chart. Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Exercise 3 – 2 Take out Bowditch Bay Chart. Using a radar range and a radar bearing on two objects, plot a radar fix. C 112M S 6.0 D 1.5 0900 Visual 0950 Radar Surely, you have questions. 0950 0950 347M Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Homework Exercise 3-2 Radar Position Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Homework Exercise 3-2 Radar Position Determine where you are based on the radar screen below. What are the coordinates of your position? L 41º 38.7’ N Lo 72º 05.1’ W Which of the returns are from buoys? Which buoys? RG “CP” G “11” R “14” Introduce USPS and what we do Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors Explain the logistics for the session G “13” R “4” R “16” G “15” Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

10 MINUTE BREAK PLEASE TAKE YOUR SEATS 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 10 MINUTE BREAK 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PLEASE TAKE YOUR SEATS Introduce USPS and what we do Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors Explain the logistics for the session Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

United States Power Squadrons® Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 United States Power Squadrons® Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal Navigation) Chapter 4 Avoidance Techniques Educational Officer – Dave West dwest@voyager.net - 651-429-3840 Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg davidmoberg@att.net – 715-386-8582 Instructor – Art Mollica artmollica@usfamily.net - 651-777-0277 Introduce USPS and what we do Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors Explain the logistics for the session Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Danger Bearings NMT 245M NLT 070M VSSPR36 VSSPR34 Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Danger Bearings NMT 245M NLT 070M VSSPR36 Surely, you have questions. VSSPR34 Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Exercise 4-1 Danger Bearing Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Exercise 4-1 Danger Bearing Plot waypoint “TWRN” at Tower R Lt north of Channel Island and “ORRW” at RW “OR” Mo “A”. At 1000 depart ORRW for TWRN at 7.0kn. Plot a danger bearing that will keep you west of Channel Island, coming no closer than the 12ft sounding curve. Take a GPS fix when you reach a point 2.1nm from TWRN and the waypoint bears 037ºM. From this fix, take up a magnetic heading of 105º and increase speed to 9.0kn. TWRN D 2.1 T = 090 V= 15W M = 105 1058 – 1000 = 0058 60D = ST D = 7x58/60 D = 6.8 1058 C 105M S 7.0 1058 GPS NLT 030M T = 015 V = 15W M = 030 Surely, you have questions. C 037M S 7.0 T = 022 V = 15W M = 037 ORRW 1000 Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Danger Sector DANCHI NLT 250M NMT 235M Danger Sector Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Danger Sector DANCHI NLT 250M NMT 235M Danger Sector Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Crosstrack Error (XTE) Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Crosstrack Error (XTE) XTE 0.3nm AISI1 AISI2 C 270M 0.6nm Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Exercise 4-2 Crosstrack Error Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Exercise 4-2 Crosstrack Error Plot waypoint “BB17” at 41º 38.8’ N 71º 55.0’ W and “BB18” at 41º 38.8’ N 72º 06.7’ W. Using these waypoints as your intended course line plot and label a crosstrack error which will provide a safe passage. XTE 1.0 BB17 C 285M T = 270 M = 15W M = 285 BB18 Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Danger Circle D NLT 1.0nm WFBPS Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Exercise 4-3 Danger Circle Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Exercise 4-3 Danger Circle Using a charted visible object, plot and label a danger circle around the rocks at Rocky Neck Point. Create a GPS waypoint and plot and label a danger circle around the rocks south of Channel Island. DCIR D NLT 0.3 Surely, you have questions. D NLT 1.5 DRNPR Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Exercise 4-4 Radar Avoidance Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Exercise 4-4 Radar Avoidance Plot and label a radar danger circle to avoid the rocky area to the south of Channel Island to ensure you stay at least 0.5 nm away from the rocks as you navigate on a true course of 270º. D NLT 1.3 0.5 Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Alarm Zones Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Questions ? … Comments Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017 Surely, you have questions. Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

Homework Read Chapters 5 – Student Guide Do Part I and II of the Weekend Cruise Next Class – 3 May