Microbiology Review EOG Review May 12-16

Microbe Small organism you can only see with a microscope Ex. Virus, bacteria, protist, protozoa

Some microbes can be pathogens… Pathogen: something that causes a disease Ex. Virus, bacteria, parasite Remember: Not all microbes can cause disease. There’s good bacteria, too!

Virus Non-living pathogen Does not need to eat Needs a host cell to reproduce Prevention: VACCINE Treatment: Anti-viral meds (NOT antibiotics) Ex. Influenza, Common Cold (Rhinovirus), West Nile Virus, Ebola, HIV, Polio, Chicken Pox

Bacteria Living pathogen Prokaryote, single celled Found EVERYWHERE! 3 Shapes: Rod, Round, Spiral Treatment: Antibiotics Take all prescribed – or could become RESISTANT!

Bacteria cont. GOOD 1.Digestion 2.Help decompose 3.Bioremediation 4.Water Treatment (break down sewage) BAD Cause disease

Protist/Protozoa Eukaryotic Cells 1. Paramecium – cilia (small hairs) 2. Amoeba – pseudopod (fake foot) 3. Volvox - colonies, flagella 4. Euglena – flagella (whip-like tail)

Fungi Eukaryotic Feeds off other organism Treatment: antifungal meds Ex. Athletes foot, Ringworm, Yeast Infection

How Diseases Spread Vector: Organism that spreads disease Ex. Tick, mosquito, rat

How Diseases Spread Epidemic Outbreak of disease in a community or region NOT over entire continent or world Pandemic World-wide epidemic OR epidemic over whole continent

Genetic Modification AKA Biotechnology Changing genes and DNA for other uses Ex. Cloning – identical copies using DNA Ex. Medicine – making vaccines Ex. Agriculture – pest-resistant crops

CELLS

Cells All living things have cells Prokaryotic: NO nucleus (Pro=No) Eukaryotic: YES nucleus (Eu=Yes)

Organelle: Parts of a cell Nucleus: control center Mitochondria: makes energy, Cellular Respiration Cell Membrane: “gate keeper,” surrounds cell Chloroplast: photosynthesis, only in plant cells

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Takes place in chloroplast in plants Makes food for plants, gives us oxygen CO 2 + H 2 O + Sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Takes place in mitochondria in animals Makes energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + ENERGY

Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis : Cell divides Makes 2 identical new cells Helps replace old cells Meiosis : Sex cell divides Makes 4 different gametes (sperm, egg)

PMAT Prophase: prepare Metaphase: middle Anaphase: away Telophase: two nuclei Cytokinesis: two cells In Mitosis, this happens once. In Meiosis, this happens TWICE!

Cancer Uncontrolled mitosis Cells divide out of control Caused by a mutation in cell DNA