Heading Page # The Appendicular Skeleton – Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limbs Table of Contents

The Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder girdle Upper limbs Pelvic girdle Lower limbs

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle  Composed of two bones Clavicle – collarbone Acts as a brace to hold the arm away from the top of the thorax Scapula – shoulder blade

Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Figure 5.20a–b

Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Figure 5.20c–d

acromion process corocoid process suprascapular notch glenoid cavity three borders three angles Scapula Enlarged end of the spine of the scapula Beaklike; anchors some muscles of the arm Serves as a nerve passageway Shallow socket that receives the head of the arm bone superior, medial (vertebral), and lateral (axillary) superior, inferior, and lateral

Bones of the Upper Limb The upper arm is formed by a single bone The upper arm is formed by a single bone Humerus Humerus Figure 5.21a–b

Humerus greater and lesser tubercles deltoid tuberosity radial groove Processes: trochlea and capitulum Depressions: coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa Sites of muscle attachment where the deltoid muscle of the shoulder attach marks the course of the radial nerve articulate with the bones of the forearm allows the corresponding processes of the ulna to move freely when the elbow is bent and extended

Bones of the Upper Limb  The forearm has two bones Ulna Radius Figure 5.21c

Forearm Radioulnar joints Interosseous membrane Radial tuberosity Processes: coronoid and olecranon where radius and ulna articulates connects radius and ulna along their entire length where tendon of the bicep muscles attach grip the trochlea of the humerus in a pliers-like joints

Bones of the Upper Limb The hand The hand Carpals – wrist Carpals – wrist Metacarpals – palm Metacarpals – palm Phalanges – fingers Phalanges – fingers Figure 5.22

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