Unit 10 Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights Text I Intellectual Property Protection -To learn different definitions of IP, the necessity to protect IPRs and get an overview of relevant international conventions Text II Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works -To read part of the Berne Convention and analyze some key provisions Typical Sentence Patterns: Contract (V)

Text I Intellectual Property Protection Useful expressions: intangible right, be defined as, be dispensable for sb. / sth., be conducive to, communications technology, at the expense of, in one ’ s turn, take from, in its turn, from the view point of, maintain credibility on commerce, be engaged in / engage in, concurrent with, service trade, shift the stress to (prep.), come into question, take effect, counterfeit brand product, pirated CD, in line with, hereinafter referred to as, be brought into conformity, set down, have (right) automatically accrue, international depository authority, indication of country of origin Terms: neighboring right, right of priority, national treatment, retroactive application, no-formality principle Proper names: (treaties administered by WIPO) Paris Convention, Berne Convention, Rome Convention, PCT, Budapest Treaty, Madrid Agreement, Trademark Law Treaty, IPIC; (administered by WTO) TRIPs; (administered by the UNESCO) Universal Copyright Convention; UPOV

Questions based on the text 1. What are the definitions of intellectual property given in relevant international conventions? 2. Why is it necessary to protect IPRs? 3. What are the relevant international conventions governing IPRs and what are their major contents described in the text?

Definitions of IP Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Convention: (i)… (viii) “ intellectual property ” shall include the rights relating to: – literary, artistic and scientific works, – performances of performing artists, phonograms, and broadcasts, – inventions in all fields of human endeavor, – scientific discoveries, – industrial designs, – trademarks, service marks, and commercial names and designations, – protection against unfair competition, and all other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary or artistic fields.

TRIPS TRIPS PART II Standards Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Intellectual Property Rights 1. Copyright and Related Rights 2. Trademarks 3. Geographical Indications 4. Industrial Designs 5. Patents 6. Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits 7. Protection of Undisclosed Information 8. Control of Anti-Competitive Practices in Contractual Licences

Paris Convention (industrial property) Paris Convention (industrial property) Article 1 Establishment of the Union; Scope of Industrial Property (1) The countries to which this Convention applies constitute a Union for the protection of industrial property. (2) The protection of industrial property has as its object patents, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks, service marks, trade names, indications of source or appellations of origin, and the repression of unfair competition.

WIPO WIPO Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Intellectual property is divided into two categories: Industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and Copyright, which includes literary and artistic works such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs. Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and those of broadcasters in their radio and television programs.

Terms neighboring right 邻接权 -Neighboring rights are linked to traditional copyright works without always falling into traditional copyright categories. There are three new neighboring rights: performers' rights, sound recording rights and communication signal rights. 邻接权系指与著作权邻近的权利，通常是指表演 者、录音制作者和广播电视组织对其表演活动、录 音制品和广播电视节目享有的一种类似著作权的权 利。 邻接权系指与著作权邻近的权利，通常是指表演 者、录音制作者和广播电视组织对其表演活动、录 音制品和广播电视节目享有的一种类似著作权的权 利。

表演者、录音制作者、广播电视组织三者的权 利一般都是基于对作品的某种使用产生的；三者所 付出的劳动都不属于创作作品的独创性劳动（其结 果并不产生作品），而是一种再现、复制和传播他 人作品的劳动。录音制作者和广播电视组织的权利 的产生通常与表演者的表演密切相关。 邻接权三种权利中与著作权关系最为密切的是 表演者的权利。表演者对自己的表演除了拥有财产 权利（ pecuniary right ）外，还有权保护自己的某 些人格利益（ moral right ）不受损害。邻接权中的 另外两种权利 — 录音制作者的权利和广播电视组织 的权利一般只涉及财产内容，而不涉及人格利益。

right of priority 优先权（原则） - This right means that, on the basis of a regular first application filed in one of the member countries, the applicant may, within a certain period of time, apply for protection in all the other member countries. These later applications will then be treated as if they had been filed on the same day as the first application. Thus, these later applicants will have priority over applications for the same invention which may have been filed during the same period of time by other persons. Moreover, these later applications, being based on the first application, will not be invalidated by any acts accomplished in the interval. The period of time mentioned above, within which the subsequent applications may be filed in the other countries, is 12 months in the case of first applications for patents and six months in the case of industrial designs and trademarks.

成员国家之间互相给予优先权。在任何一个成员 国已经正式提出专利申请的任何人或者某权利继受人， 从最早的申请日（优先权日）起，在一定时间（优先 权期）内，在其他成员国提出内容相同的申请的，应 当享有优先权。这意味着其成员国将该申请在第一国 的申请日视为在本国递交申请的日期。

national treatment 国民待遇 - Ｅ g. According to the provisions of the Berne Convention (Art. 5) and Universal Copyright Convention (Art II), if a national of a country of the Union creates a work, he can enjoy the same copyright in all the countries of the Union; if an author is not a national of one of the countries of the Union, he can also enjoy the same copyright in the country of origin as in all the countries of the Union as long as his work is first published in one of the countries of the Union; if an author who is not a national of one of the countries of the Union has his habitual residence in one of them, he can enjoy the same copyright in the country of origin as in all the countries of the Union; if an author who is not a national of one of the countries of the Union publishes his works in another country outside the Union, he may have the same copyright in the two countries outside the Union according to the laws in the country of publication and agreement between the two countries. In a word, an author can have the same copyright in many countries easily, so the cases of parallel import of copyrighted goods are easier to appear.

缔约国之间实行国民待遇，在保护知识产 权方面，公约的缔约国必须把给予本国国民 的保护同样地给予其他缔约国的国民，即使 对于非公约成员国的国民，只要他们在某一 缔约国有住所或者有工商营业所，也应给予 他们与国民相同的待遇．

retroactive application 追溯力 (Article 18 (1) of the BERNE CONVENTION) - “ This Convention shall apply to all works which, at the moment of its coming into force, have not yet fallen into the public domain in the country of origin through the expiry of the term of protection. ” 本公约适用于所有在本公约开始生效时尚未因 保护期满而在其起源国进入公有领域的一切作品。

no-formality principle 自动保护原则 -The no-formality principle, in particular, is the most significant characteristics of the Berne Convention (Art. 5), by which any author can have his/her copyright automatically accrue not only in his own country, but also automatically in all other countries that are parties to the Berne Convention. 享有及行使国民待遇的作者，无需经过任何手续，其作品 可以在全体成员国中受到版权保护，这就是自动保护原则。按 照该原则，《伯尔尼公约》成员国国民及在成员国有长期居所 地的其他非《伯尔尼公约》成员国的国民，在其文学艺术作品 创作完成时即自动地享有版权；非成员国国民如果在成员国无 长期居所地，则其作品首次在成员国出版时即享有版权。不需 要经过任何手续，既无需注册（或登记）无需交纳样书等，也 无需在作品上加注任何版权保留的标记。

International treaties administered by the WIPO WIPO Homepage: WIPO Homepage: Treaties: Treaties: Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention ) 《保护工业产权巴黎公约》 Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention ) 《保护工业产权巴黎公约》 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Convention ) 《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Convention ) 《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》 International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations 《保 护表演者、录音制品制作者和广播组织罗马公约》 International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations 《保 护表演者、录音制品制作者和广播组织罗马公约》 Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) 《专利合作条约》 Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) 《专利合作条约》

Treaties (continued) Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms 《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物 保存布达佩斯条约》 Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms 《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物 保存布达佩斯条约》 Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Trademarks 《商标国际注册马德里协定》 Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Trademarks 《商标国际注册马德里协定》 Madrid Agreement for Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Sources on Goods 《制止商品来源地虚假或欺 骗性标记马德里协定》 Madrid Agreement for Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Sources on Goods 《制止商品来源地虚假或欺 骗性标记马德里协定》 Trademark Law Treaty 《商标法条约》 Trademark Law Treaty 《商标法条约》 Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits (IPIC) 《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》 Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits (IPIC) 《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》

Other conventions concerning IPRs (administered by WTO) TRIPS: the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 《与贸易有关的知识产权（分）协议》 (administered by WTO) TRIPS: the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 《与贸易有关的知识产权（分）协议》 (administered by UNESCO) Universal Copyright Convention 《世界版权公 约》 (administered by UNESCO) Universal Copyright Convention 《世界版权公 约》 (administered by UPOV) International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (administered by UPOV) International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 《保护植物新品种国际公约》 《保护植物新品种国际公约》 UPOV: the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants UPOV: the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants

Text II Berne Convention Useful expressions: a matter for legislation, in material form, without prejudice to, news of the day, preceding Article, eligibility for, habitual residence, have regard to (prep.), work of art / architecture, within … days of / from / after …, fulfill / meet / satisfy conditions, term of protection, bis Terms: country of origin Proper name: Berne Convention

Term and proper name country of origin ( 作品 ) 来源国 -refer to Berne Convention ： Art. 5 (4) See the full text of Berne Convention at See the summary of Berne Convention at and the Chinese version at