Objective 3: Describe and analyze the foreign policy (decisions made) of the Truman Administration.

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Presentation transcript:

Objective 3: Describe and analyze the foreign policy (decisions made) of the Truman Administration

Review Question Events/decisions: Creating the United Nations Developing the Atomic Bomb Dividing Europe (Iron Curtain) Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan/Molotov Plan Joining Germany with UK/France Berlin Airlift Creation of NATO Refusing to recognize Communist China Giving $ to Chinese Nationalist Sending $ and troops to contain communism in Korean War  If you had the power to change an event or decision from the Cold War, what would you change and why?  What would the impact on the world be?

Cold War at Home Loyalty Review Board 1947:Truman issues a Federal Employee Loyalty Program : will investigate over 3 million employees (firing 212 considered suspicious)

The House Un-American Activities Committee House Un-American Activities Committee(HUAC): investigated possible Communist influence Inside and outside government jobs Investigation of movie industry Communists sneaking propaganda into films 43 witnesses from Hollywood: “friendly” and “unfriendly” Hollywood Ten: 10 unfriendly witnesses called to testify, did not cooperate, send to prison Blacklisted: people condemned for having communist backgrounds

Spy Cases Stun the Nation Alger Hiss: accused of being Soviet spy Claimed he was innocent and that documents were forged Prosecuted by young conservative Republic Richard Nixon Ethel & Julius Rosenberg: found guilty of espionage and executed Implicated during Kuch’s Spy case (physicist accused of sharing bomb secrets with Soviets ) Pleaded their innocence until their death

McCarthy Launches “Witch Hunt” Joseph McCarthy: Republican Senator from Wisconsin, extremely anti-communist May lose next election so needed an issue that would win over with voters “Communists are taking over the government” False accusations of suspected Communists became known as McCarthyism: unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty w/o providing evidence Claimed to have list of over 200 Communists w/in State Department (never actually provided a SINGLE name)

Causes and Effects of McCarthyism Causes Soviets successfully establish Communist regimes in Eastern Europe after WWII Soviets develop atomic bomb more quickly than expected Korean War ends in stalemate Republicans gain politically by accusing Truman and Democrats of being soft on communism Effects Millions of Americans are forced to take loyalty oaths and investigations Activism by labor unions goes into decline Many people afraid to speak out on public issues Anti-communism continues to drive U.S. foreign policy

United States v. Soviet Union Two Nations Live on the Edge

Objective 4: Describe and analyze the foreign policy (decisions made) of the Eisenhower Administration Dwight D. Eisenhower ( ) Policy of Brinkmanship (all out war )

Brinkmanship Rules U.S. Policy Scientists created even more powerful weapon: H-bomb 1 million tons of TNT Who could build it first mentality: U.S. or Soviet Union? America WINS! Brinksmanship: practice of threatening an enemy with massive military retaliation for any aggression Stock pile nukes Increase air force

Fear of Nuclear Fall Out Increase in stock pile of nukes = Americans take action because of fear of attack Government starting passing out “How To” pamphlets regarding survival and shelters

Cold War Spreads Around the World Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): way for government to attain information using spies abroad as well as carry out covert missions Middle East: Reestablish Western control and relations with Iran (*OIL FIELDS) Latin America: Take back “American land” in Guatemala (Dictator takes control)

Cold War Spreads Around the World Warsaw Pact: Soviet Military alliance Geneva Summit  step towards peace Allow for open skies between U.S./Soviet Union (DENIED) Suez Crisis Egypt take control of Suez Canal

Cold War Spreads Around the World Eisenhower Doctrine: U.S. would defend the Middle East from an attack by any communist country Hungarian Uprising(1956): Hungarians revolted and called for Democratic government Soviets Response: swift and brutal (killing about 30,000 Hungarians)

Nikita Khruschev: Leader of Soviet Union [after Stalin] Space Race: 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik: first satellite Americans upset with being beaten pouring millions in own program: finally launch own satellite in 1958 The Cold War Takes to the Skies U-2 Shot Down U.S. secretly flew over Russia “Last” U-2 flight shot down days before Eisenhower & Khrushchev met Meeting called off no more negotiations between U.S. & Soviet Union

The Eisenhower Administration How did the Eisenhower Administration contribute to the Cold War How did decisions made hurt the situation of the Cold War? How did decisions made help the situation of the Cold War Must say WHY you feel the way you do!