REVIEW

Location of cities? Physical Factors: –Landforms –Climates –Nearness to bodies of water

Landforms People tend to settle in fertile, Non-mountainous areas, such as valleys and plains. Did you know? 8 of the 10 most populous cities in the world are on earthquake faults.

Climates People tend to settle in temperate or mild climate. Population is typically sparse in extremely dry, wet or cold areas.

Nearness to Bodies of Water People tend to settle near sources of fresh water and not too far from oceans.

Location of cities? Human Factors: –Economic Activities (Access to Natural Resources) –Level of Technology –Transportation Routes

Economics Economic activity could change with the discovery of new natural resources When an area becomes more or less wealthy it is considered an Economic Change What are some factors that could cause a change in economics?

Access to Natural Resources The discovery of valuable resources like gold, diamonds or oil, may attract settlers to an otherwise unfavorable area.

Improving Technology As technology improves, people are able to explore and settle new areas.

Transportation Routes Establishing a new transportation route to exchange goods.

Access to Natural Resources The discovery of valuable resources like gold, diamonds or oil, may attract settlers to an otherwise unfavorable area.

Improving Technology As technology improves, people are able to explore and settle new areas. –Examples: Air Conditioning in Houston Improved oil drilling technology in Siberia

River Valley Civilizations People needed more land to farm Good farmland in river valleys –Access to water for irrigation –People moved to river valleys Pull Factor – Grow more food in river valleys

Food grows easily in river valleys –Not everybody needs to be a farmer anymore Indus River Valley

Major Cities of Latin America Mexico City Rio de Janiero São Paulo Buenos Aires Montevideo Caracas Most cities are on the East Coast

Know the countries of Latin America

URBANIZATION People were flocking to work in the factories which were all in the cities or urban areas From the farms to the cities

Pollution Massive amounts of pollution filled the air and soot covered the trees and stained the brick buildings

Increasing pollution today With China’s substantial industrialized growth, it is likely that we will see more cars on the road, creating more emissions. As more countries begin to develop, there will be more pollution. As the economies improve, so does the amount of fossil fuels being burned.

Industry’s affect on the environment Hydro-electric dams Pollution Deforestation What other ways have industry affected the environment?

Rural Areas Typically have more agricultural based economies Can have poorer public services, hospitals and less doctors

Sustainable Development Development that meets the needs of today without risking the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Results of unsustainable development

Sustainable Development To stop desertification in Patagonia, the government of Argentina began a sustainable cattle raising program In an effort to reduce emissions (air pollution) Mexico has began to use wind power Overgrazing in Patagonia Mexico’s Wind Power

World cities Based on services, not goods Face-to-face contact, communications Global orientation NYC, London, Tokyo

Suburbanization and Technology Suburbanization happens because of transportation technology –Cars and Freeways –Mass Transit

Suburbs and inner cities (younger) people still want to live in or near the city immigrants arrive in cities and lead to increasing redevelopment of downtowns and historical districts –LoDo –Lower Downtown Denver –Battery Park in NYC –Jack London Square in Oakland –The Heights in Houston

Ancient Cities Layouts Religious and Government Center High Status Business Secular Business Food and Low Status Business The further away from the middle – the less power or status you had

Modern Urban Structure Where do people live and work? Different cities a built on different models –Concentric Zone Model –Sector Model –Multiple Nuclei Model

Concentric Zone Model Theory – cities grow outward in rings –Zone of transition is industrial and poor quality housing

Dallas as a Concentric Zone Model More home ownership away from city center % of households that own their own home

Sector Model Theory – cities grow in a series of wedges or corridors which extend from the CBD

Dallas as a Sector Model High income housing in northern sector House values

Multiple Nuclei Model Theory – city is a collection of individual centers around where people cluster

MEGALOPOLIS A chain of metropolitan areas

Megalopolis Sometimes called Bos-Wash –From Boston, MA to Washington DC –Population of over 52 million people

Megalopolis Population Density Map

Largest Cities in the World Including neighboring metro areas 1. Tokyo, Japan – 34.4 million** 2. Guangzhou, China – 25.4 million** 3. Seoul, South Korea – 25.2 million** 4. Shanghai, China – 24.9 million** 5. New Delhi, India – 23.5 million** 6. Mumbai, India – 23.2 million** 7. Mexico City, Mexico – 23 million** 8. New York City, USA – 22 million** 9. Sao Paulo, Brazil – 21 million** 10. Manila, Philippines– 20.6 million** 27. Chicago, USA – 9.5 million 48. Dallas/Ft Worth, USA– 6.7 million 57. Houston, USA – 6.1 million ** Need to know