Europe

1.1 Physical Geography Europe is made up of several peninsulas with varied land regions and climates Large Peninsula- Western Eurasian Smaller Peninsulas Italian Scandinavian Iberian

1.1 Physical Geography Europe also consists of many significant islands Great Britain Ireland Iceland Greenland Sicily & Crete Corsica

1.1 -Physical Geography Four major land regions of Europe Western Uplands – stretch from the Scandinavian peninsula to Spain and Portugal Northern European Plain- lowlands that reach across northern Europe Central Uplands Alpine- consists of the Alps and several other mountain ranges

1.1 -Climate Europe has a mostly a humid temperate climate. Factors that influence that climate: North Atlantic Drift- warm water current Sirocco winds- winds that blow across Mediterranean Sea that bring wet weather to southern Europe Mistral winds- cold, dry winds that blow across France

1.1 - 3 Climates of Europe Mediterranean – western Europe has hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters; provides an extended growing season Humid Continental- eastern Europe has warm, wet summers and long cold winters Polar- Iceland, Greenland, and northern Scandinavia have cool summers and long, cold winter; very short growing season

1.2- Europe’s Coastline Trade- goods, ideas and religions have been moved throughout the world from the many ports of Europe Industry- fishing, ship building, harbors and even agriculture( polders). Exploration- around the world for wealth, religion and empires Settlement- almost every continent

1.3- Mountains Mountains Alps- Switzerland, Germany and France Pyrenees- separate France and Spain Apennines- run along the Italian peninsula Carpathian- extend through Poland, Romania, and Ukraine All of these mountains provide natural resources( forestry, mining and agriculture)

1.3- Rivers Many navigable rivers used for transportation and trade Danube – flows through ten countries from the Alps to the Black Sea Rhine- flows from the Alps of Switzerland and Germany to the North Sea Canals have been built to connect rivers and form waterways across Europe

1.3 - Plains Northern European Plain – stretches from France all the way to Russia Provides fertile soil Many large farms Location of most large cities in Europe

1.4 Protecting the Mediterranean Sea Human activities have a negative affect: Over fishing Pollution Over development of coast- erosion What’s being done? Marine reserves Fishing quotas Stricter pollution controls