Section 4

 Each colony given a charter by the king  King had ultimate authority  Privy Council ( royal advisors) set English colony policies

 Each colony had a governor  Royal colonies governors selected by king/queen  Proprietary colonies-proprietors chose governor  Some colonies elected the governor

 Some colonies had elected assemblies Make laws and policies  Laws had to be approved by advisory council and the governor

 First colonial legislature ( 1619)  Split into two houses  Council of State-governor’s advisory council and the London company selected members  House of Burgesses-elected by the colonists

 New England colonies had town meetings where people talked about and decided issues of local interest  Southern colonies typically made decisions at county level due to being far apart  Middle Colonies used both county and town meetings

 1685 King James II takes over  Wants more control of colonies  Thought colonies too independent  1686 unites northern colonies under the Dominion of New England Sent Sir Edmund Andros to be royal governor  Colonists disliked him-he limited colonial control

 1689-replace King James and passed the English Bill of Rights reducing the power of the monarchy  Parliament gained power Colonists value their elected representatives Want to decide local issues

 Each colonial government had own courts  Often reflected beliefs of the colony  Zenger trial-allows press to publish whatever they want as long as it was true ( freedom of the press)

 Mercantilism-a system of creating wealth through controlled trade Want to have more exports than imports  Navigation Acts ( )-limited colonial trade Forbid trade to countries other than England of certain things ( sugar, cotton) Must use English ships, ports, pay taxes etc.

 Colonists did not like the acts~wanted to trade with whoever paid the highest price  Smuggling began to develop ( rum, sugar)  Molasses Act 1733-place duties(taxes) on items like rum, sugar, molasses~rarely enforced  By early 1700’s colonists trading around the world

 A system of trade which good and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa  Beef, manufactured good, rum, slaves  Middle Passage-route from Africa to the West Indies/Americas million of Africans died on the journey

 A religious movement that swept through the colonies from 1730’s-1740’s  Changed social and religious beliefs  Jonathon Edwards-Massachusetts dramatic sermons  Affected all colonies-often preached about equality which leads to more equal society

 1700’s spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society  Many new scientific discoveries  Social contract between people and government  John Locke believed that all people had natural rights like equality and liberty

 Tension between colonists and Wampanoag (Metacomet (King Phillip) leader)  Colonial militia and Native Americans fight Some Native Americans side with colonists Algonquin side with French colonists~less threatening than the English colonists  Iroquois League-six Native American groups allied with colonists for trade

 France and Great Britain fighting for land in North America British want Ohio River Valley for fur trade French think the would harm fur trade  1753 fighting erupts  George Washington leads troops against French-builds Fort Necessity-loses the battle-start of French and Indian War

 Albany Plan-united the colonies to fight together  Seven Year’s War starts in Europe  Treaty of Paris 1763-end of war Britain gains Canada, all French land east of Mississippi River, Florida Changed the balance of power to British

 Many small fights took place as the settlers moved into western lands  Chief Pontiac opposed British settlement of the Ohio Valley  Proclamation of 1763-bans British settlement West of the Appalachian Mountains and must leave upper Ohio valley