The trouble with our times is that the future is not what it used to be… Preface Paul Valéry © Rockstrom 2010 Введение Будущее уже не то, что было раньше… Поль Валери

Overview of Global Forest Governance and Forest Law Enforcement focussed to the ENA Region Europe and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance Preparatory Committee Conference (PrepCom) Moscow, June 6, 2005 Jürgen Blaser, Intercooperation, Bern, Switzerland The present content does only commit the presenter, and none of the involved organizations Photographic illustrations are not in direct relationship to the specific issue in the respective slide © Juergen Blaser, with support by Kerstin Canby and Arnoldo Contreras. Photographs by J. Blaser

Обзор глобальных вопросов управления в лесном секторе и специфических проблем в регионе ЕСА «Международный процесс по вопросам правоприменения, управления в лесном секторе (FLEG) в регионе Европы и Северной Азии» Подготовительная конференция Москва, 6-8 июня 2005 г. Юрген Блазер, Swiss Intercooperation The present content does only commit the presenter, and none of the involved organizations Photographic illustrations are not in direct relationship to the specific issue in the respective slide © Juergen Blaser, with support by Kerstin Canby and Arnoldo Contreras. Photographs by J. Blaser

Overview of International Processes and Progress in Forest Governance since Saint Petersburg 2005 Обзор международных процессов и вопросов развития рационального управления в лесном секторе в период с 2005 года, после провдения в период с 2005 года, после провдения Конференции в г. Санкт-Петербург Juergen Blaser Юрген Блазер Bern University of Applied Sciences Университет Верн, Швейцария Tblisi, 8 July 2014

(1) O VERVIEW OF I NTERNATIONAL P ROCESSES О БЗОР МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ 31% of the world’s land area is covered by forests 31% территории Земли покрыто лесами 2,180 m ha 1,850 m ha North Север South Юг Forests 2014 Лес 2014

Country DataBorealTemperateSubtropicalTropicalGlobal Land Area ('000 ha) 2,659,5472,894,2981,985,4215,386,56713,010, %22.2%15.3%41.4%100% Forest Area ('000 ha) 1,179,682671,003342,0351,839,3034,033, %16.6%8.5%45.6%100% Relative proportion of Forest 44.4%23.2%17.2%34.1%31.0% Development of Forest Area increasing slightly increasing increasingdecreasing slightly decreasing Change Rate0.4%0.2%0.4%-0.4%-0.1% Carbon in living forest biomass (Megatons) 48,89038,1718,563179,535275, %13.9%3.1%65.2%100% Population (million) 194,3002,260,032973,6403,311,6836,750, %33.5%14.4%49.1%100% Population development decreasing slightly increasing strongly increasing increasing

Forest area (m ha) Площадь лесов (млн.га) Forest cover % В процентном соотношении Growing stock (m3/ha) Выработка леса на гектар Balkans - Балканы Eastern Europe Восточная Европа North and Central Asia Северная и Центральная Азия Caucasus - Кавказ TOTAL Всего Forests in ENA-Region Леса ЕСА регион, 2014

Felling as % of annual growth Вырубка в % от ежегодного прирост а Nordics and Baltics72% Central Europe61% EU 2760% South-East Europe45% Russia34% (USA, Canada)(80%) Forest resources ever increasing in ENA Region Прирост лесов на Евразийском континенте

 Supply and demand for timber, paper, wood products, energy Спрос и предложение в индустрии леса, бумажной промышленности, производстве товаров из древесины и секторе энергетики   Increased demand for and competition between products;  Global timber trade doubled over the last decade (in spite of slow down 2008/2009)  China, emerging markets  Increasing demand for transparency and production methods Возрастающая потребность в открытой информации о производстве и товарах  Certified forests Dec. 2005: 272 m ha (91 m ha ENA region)  Certified forests June 2014: 442 m ha (166 m ha ENA region)  FLEG, FLEGT processes, also influenced behaviors (China…) Global forest Challenges 2005 – 2014 Основные проблемы мирового леса

 Raise of global energy market: biofuel, wood pellets, wood chips Энергоресурсы: топливные пеллеты, щепа 40% raise of wood fuel from forests in ENA region (360 million m3 of wood) 40% raise of wood fuel from forests in ENA region (360 million m3 of wood)  Valuation of forest products and ecosystem services Оценка лесных товаров и услуг Timber, timber products and NTFP, water, carbon, biodiversity  Changes in forest ownership, access to forest resources Реформа форм собственности леса, реальный доступ к использованию лесных ресурсов From state to communities, user associations, private sector lease; “land grabbing”: Increased demand for land: plantation wood  Changes in national forest policy Изменения в политике управления лесами на государственной уровне From forestry policies to wider forest policies

Global Forest Governance Надлежащее управление лесами  Forest and economic growth, trade policies  Forests and sustainable development  Forests and climate change  Forests and biological diversity  Forests and their social, cultural and « public-opinion» dimension.  Transversal dimension: Forest Governance

Forest Governance 10 years after St. Petersburg: the broad issues  (1) Forest and Environmental Policy (global and regional) Лесная политика и окружающая среда Лесная политика и окружающая среда  (2) Trade Policies - Торговая политика  (3) Green Economy - Зеленая экономика  (4) Institutions - Организации  (5) An overlying issue: climate change С учетом изменений климата С учетом изменений климата

The Forest Instrument 2007; post-2015; Global Objectives on Forests: Reverse the loss of forest cover worldwide… Enhance forest-based economic, social and environmental benefits Increase significantly the area of protected forests worldwide and other areas of sustainably managed forests… Mobilize financial resources for sustainable forest management …. CBD Aichi Targets (2011 ): 4 main targets, including: CBD Aichi Targets (2011 ): 4 main targets, including: “By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial areas are conserved” Climate change: REDD+ Challenges (since 2009)/NAMA/LULUCF The missing element: carbon permanence (boreal and temperate forests) Bonn Challenge (2012): 2 targets, including “ Bonn Challenge (2012): 2 targets, including “Restore 150 million hectares of the world's degraded and deforested lands by 2020» Forests and SDG targets post 2015 (2014 ): Forests under biodiversity, incl. possible target: “By 2030 manage all the world’s forests sustainably” Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension (global)

“Forest Europe” Since 1990, 46 members, 6 Ministerial conferences Since 2011: Since 2011: Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to develop a legally binding agreement on forests in the pan-European region Aims:   consolidating tools for SFM;   improving monitoring of and reporting on forests;   combatting illegal logging;   developing a common approach to the valuation of forests services;   emphasizing the social aspects of forestry;   the role of forests in the transition to a green economy. Forest Governance: (1) Policy Dimension (regional)

 European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR), March 2013: Prevents illegal logged wood in all the EU Member States  EU/US Transatlantic Free Trade Area Negotiations: Elimination of tariffs and non-tariffs barriers; standards & regulations Elimination of tariffs and non-tariffs barriers; standards & regulations Lacey Act (1900) amendment of 2008: trafficking of wood and wood products Lacey Act (1900) amendment of 2008: trafficking of wood and wood products  Investment: Russian Federation Investment Project: E Earmarked 400 billion rubles to finance priority projects in the country’s forestry industry “to make the sector attractive for investment and address its long-term problems” Forest Governance: (2) Trade Policies

Forest Governance: (3) Green Economy Управление лесами в зеленой экономике  The forest sector in a green economy: Improving human well-being and social equity while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities.  10 key messages of the L’viv Forum ключевых рекомендаций Львовского Форума  Action Plan for the Forest Sector in a Green Economy in the ECE region План действий по лесу в Зеленой экономике ЕСА-региона. План действий по лесу в Зеленой экономике ЕСА-региона.

Forest Governance: (4) Institutions Управление лесами: интернациональные организации

Forest Governance: (5) Climate change: Forest-based adaptation and carbon sinks Forest Governance: (5) Climate change: Forest-based adaptation and carbon sinks Адаптация лесов к изменению климата в планировании лесного хозяйства Адаптация лесов к изменению климата в планировании лесного хозяйства Map: the world 4°C warmer Map: the world 4°C warmer Карта: повышение температуры на 4 градуса Карта: повышение температуры на 4 градуса

(2) P ROGRESS IN F OREST G OVERNANCE SINCE S AINT P ETERSBURG 2005 Развитие рационального управления в лесном секторе в период с 2005 года Развитие рационального управления в лесном секторе в период с 2005 года

St. Petersburg Declaration, Nov   Expression of commitment «выражение доброй воли» by 43 governments (+EU) from the ENA region and other participating countries to take action to address illegal logging and associated forest crimes. Ministerial St. Petersburg Declaration, contents: Содержание министерской Декларации, г. Санкт-Петербург   National action fields “commitments” (7)  International action fields “commitments” (4)  Indicative list of possible actions (возможные действия)

Criteria to assess progress of implementation of the St. Petersburg Declaration Критерии осуществления Санкт-Петербургской декларации: Criteria to assess progress of implementation of the St. Petersburg Declaration Критерии осуществления Санкт-Петербургской декларации: National level High level political commitment for FLEG Review forest legislation, harmonize with intern. agreements Strengthen interagency cooperation Formulate concrete actions under clearly defined targets Recognize the rights of forest-dependent communities and stakeholder participation Develop anti-corruption tools Disseminate transparent information

Criteria to assess progress of StP (cont.) Критерии осуществления Санкт-Петербургской декларации International level Promote and develop cooperation, partnerships, human capacity Enhance awareness of information about the legality of products Cooperate with civil society to inform consumers of the problems of FLEG

Measures to improve forest governance Меры по совершенствованию управления в лесном секторе Reform Laws and Norms Изменение законов и нормативных актов PreventionDetectionSupression ПрофилактикаВыявление Пресечение Reform tenure Реформирование прав лесовладения прав лесовладения Strengthen civil service Укрепление системы госслужбы госслужбы Increase transparency Повышение прозрачности прозрачности Reduce monopoly power Уменьшение монопольной власти Knowledge & Cooperation Управление знаниями и развитие сотрудничества развитие сотрудничества Совершенствованиеуправления в лесном секторе в лесном секторе

Resistance to change: Willing to give up privileges? Resistance to change: Willing to give up privileges? Сопротивлением переменам: Нежелание расставаться с привилегиями Сопротивлением переменам: Нежелание расставаться с привилегиями Difficulties to separate government functions versus private sector functions Difficulties to separate government functions versus private sector functions Трудности разграничения государственных функций Трудности разграничения государственных функций и функций частного сектора и функций частного сектора Regulatory role often not separated from production activities Regulatory role often not separated from production activities Роль государственного регулирования зачастую не отделена от производственной деятельности Роль государственного регулирования зачастую не отделена от производственной деятельности Weak means for monitoring and control Weak means for monitoring and control Недостаточное финансирование мероприятий по мониторингу и контролю Недостаточное финансирование мероприятий по мониторингу и контролю Institutions: what has changed since 10 years? Институты: экономика переходного периода

In Summary: St. Petersburg Declaration - post-2015  Green economy: Good forest governance as a prerequisite  Enabling environment for private investment in forests  Protection of critical forest habitats and ecosystems; define the role of forests in climate change  Broaden the issues: capture the true value of forests  Review national and international commitments, adapt and link a post-2015 St.D. commitment to current international processes. Implement effective policies, tenure and institutional reform: Проведение эффективной лесной политики, реформы на всех уровнях, в т.ч. государственном и частном