6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles1 Copper Source Loading Estimates (Process Profiles) Physical & Chemical Characterization of Wear Debris (Clemson University) Water Quality Monitoring (ACCWP) Steering Committee, Scientific Advisory Team, and Stakeholder Involvement Process (Sustainable Conservation) Air Deposition Modeling (AER) Watershed Modeling (U.S. EPA) Bay Modeling (URS) Final Report Data Assessment Conclusions Air Deposition Monitoring (SFEI) Representative Sample of Brake Pad Wear Debris (BMC/Link Test Labs) BPP Technical Studies

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles2 Source Loading Estimates to Watershed Copper released from brake lining wear Copper released from non-brake sources

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles3 Copper Released from Brake Lining Wear brake lining wear to air (EF air ) to road (EF road-dir) to vehicle to road (EF road-ind ) to publicly- owned treatment works (EF POTW )

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles4 Air Emission Factor Calculated three ways: 1.Composition/Wear Approach 2.Composition/Existing Emission Factor Approach 3.Tunnel Studies

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles5 Advantages of Using Tunnel Study Data Releases measured from fleets in service Representative of thousands of vehicles during actual (not simulated) use

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles6 Partitioning brake lining wear to air (EF air ) to road (EF road-dir) to vehicle to road (EF road-ind ) to publicly- owned treatment works (EF POTW )

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles7 Emission Factors Release Category Emission Factor Estimation Approach Calculated Result (mg copper/km) Standard Uncertainty in Calculated Result (mg copper/km) Airborne emission factor Tunnel study Roadway emission factor Partitioning/air borne emission factor

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles8 Vehicle Miles Traveled

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles9 Results for the Brake Pad Releases of Copper in the San Francisco Bay Area Watershed Copper released, kg/y Standard uncertainty in copper released, kg/y Airborne copper released 50,00010,000 Copper released to roadways 40,00020,000

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles10 Vehicle Miles Traveled

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles11 Results for Brake Pad Releases of Copper in the Castro Valley Watershed Results for Brake Pad Releases of Copper in the Castro Valley Watershed (amounts in kg copper/y) Interstate 580Surface Streets Release to air Standard uncertainty in release to air Release to roadway16090 Standard uncertainty in release to roadway 6030

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles12 Questions?

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles13 Air Emission Factor Comparison Emission Factor Estimation Approach Calculated result (mg Cu/km) Standard uncertainty in calculated result (mg Cu/km) Passenger car - composition/wear Passenger car - composition/emission factor MDV - composition/wear MDV - composition/emission factor HDV - composition/wear HDV - composition/emission factor All vehicles – tunnel study/particle size distribution

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles14 Standard Uncertainty Estimated for each value used in calculations Standard deviation used if possible More likely to be able to predict a potential range of possible values and estimate a standard uncertainty based on that

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles15 Benefits of Developing Standard Uncertainty Allows for a standard uncertainty in results to be calculated

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles16 Benefits of Developing Standard Uncertainty (cont’) Calculating confidence intervals: e.g. a 95% confidence interval the range of values that includes the result plus or minus two times the standard uncertainty

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles17 Copper Source Loading Estimates (Process Profiles) Physical & Chemical Characterization of Wear Debris (Clemson University) Water Quality Monitoring (ACCWP) Steering Committee, Scientific Advisory Team, and Stakeholder Involvement Process (Sustainable Conservation) Air Deposition Modeling (AER) Watershed Modeling (U.S. EPA) Bay Modeling (URS) Final Report Data Assessment Conclusions Air Deposition Monitoring (SFEI) Representative Sample of Brake Pad Wear Debris (BMC/Link Test Labs) BPP Technical Studies

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles18 Copper Released from Non-Brake Sources Architectural copper Copper in pesticides Copper in fertilizer Copper released from industrial facilities Copper in domestic water discharged to storm drains

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles19 Concepts Common to All Release Categories Develop separate estimates for each environmental compartment (soil/air/surface water/storm water/bay waters) Population and land use values were used to determine how releases within political boundaries are assigned to each watershed

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles NLCD Land Use in the San Francisco Bay Area Watershed

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles21 Architectural Copper Estimate surface area of copper roofs, copper gutters, and roofs with composite shingles containing copper biocide Apply emission factors that are based on surface areas

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles22 Architectural Copper Releases in the Bay Area Estimated total release from architectural copper is 1,500 kg/y These releases are directly to storm drains; even in residential applications, these features are almost always hard-piped to storm drains

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles23 Pesticides applied to soil in urban areas Agricultural applications to soil Algaecide treatment of surface waters Pool, spa, and fountain algaecides Wood preservatives Antifouling coatings Pesticide

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles24 Pesticides Applied to Soil in Urban Areas Used adjusted statewide values for sales and use Total adjusted sales less adjusted agricultural use, antifouling coating use, algaecide use, use as root killer, and use in pressure-treated lumber is estimated statewide urban application to soil Apportioned to the watersheds based on population

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles25 Pesticide Releases to Urban Soil in the Bay Area Total estimated Bay area release of copper from copper-based pesticides to soil in urban areas is 100,000 kg in 2003

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles26 Agricultural Applications to Soil Based on adjusted reported use in the eight counties Apportioned to the watersheds based on agricultural land use area

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles27 Agricultural Releases to Soil in the Bay Area Total estimated Bay area releases of copper from copper-based pesticides to soil in agricultural areas is 12,000 kg in 2003

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles28 Algaecide Treatment of Surface Waters Reported adjusted uses to nonagricultural water areas in the eight counties assumed to occur at the shoreline of the bays Reported adjusted uses in agricultural areas (apportioned by land use) and estimated uses in non-agricultural rights of way, recreation areas, and public health (apportioned by population) are assumed to be applied to surface waters

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles29 Algaecide Surface Water Releases in the Bay Area Estimated copper in algaecide applications to shoreline waters are 1,900 kg/y Adjusted copper in reported agricultural water area algaecide applications are 100 kg/y Estimated copper in algaecide applications in non-agricultural rights-of-way, recreation areas, and public health are 1,200 kg/y

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles30 Pool, Spa, and Fountain Algaecides Estimate the state-wide algaecide use of copper in copper-based algaecides by adding up reported uses to water along with a portion of sales for algaecide products whose uses are not reported Pool, spa, and fountain use estimated as total algaecide use less adjusted reported use as algaecide Assumed that 5% of copper used in pool, spa, and fountain algaecides is released to storm drains Apportioned to the watersheds based on population

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles31 Pool, Spa, and Fountain Algaecide Releases in the Bay Area Estimated releases of copper in pool, spa, and fountain algaecides to storm drains are 2,200 kg/y

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles32 Copper Released from Pressure- Treated Lumber Based on nationwide use of copper in pressure- treated lumber (13 million kg/y) An estimated 5.5 million kg/y of copper in pressure-treated lumber leaches out Assume that 25% of copper leached from pressure-treated lumber is not susceptible to runoff Releases are to soil Apportioned to the watersheds based on population

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles33 Copper Released from Pressure-Treated Lumber in the Bay Area Estimated releases of copper from pressure- treated lumber are 72,000 kg/y

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles34 Copper in Anti-Fouling Coatings Estimate surface area of boats berthed in the bay Apply emission factors that are based on surface area Releases are directly to bay waters

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles35 Copper Released from Anti- Fouling Coatings to Bay Waters Estimated releases of copper from anti-fouling coatings are 9,000 kg/y

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles36 Based on reported statewide farm and non-farm fertilizer use by fertilizer category coupled with copper concentrations in various fertilizer categories Assumed that 25% of farm use was tilled into soil and not available for runoff Releases are to soil Farm use apportioned to the watersheds based on land use area; non-farm use based on population Fertilizers

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles37 Copper Released from Fertilizers in the Bay Area Estimated releases of copper from fertilizer use are 9,000 kg/y

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles38 Industrial air emissions Industrial runoff Industrial Facilities

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles39 Copper Released in Industrial Air Emissions in the Bay Area Based on TRI data Releases are to air Eleven facilities reported air releases of 359 kg copper in 2003

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles40 Copper Released in Industrial Runoff in the Bay Area Estimate industrial land use area in each watershed Apply an emission factor that is based on industrial land use area Releases are direct to storm drains Estimated releases of copper in industrial runoff are 1,300 kg/y

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles41 Based on a per-person emission factor that is in turn based on copper concentrations in domestic tap water and the volume of domestic water that is released to storm drains Domestic Water Discharged to Storm Drains

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles42 Estimated releases of copper in domestic water discharged to storm drains are 510 kg/y Copper Released in Domestic Water Discharged to Storm Drains in the Bay Area

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles43 Estimated releases of copper to soil are 200,000 kg/y Estimated releases of copper to air are 359 kg/y Estimated releases of copper to Bay waters are 11,000 kg/y Estimated releases of copper to surface waters and storm drains are 6,900 kg/y Overview of Results: Copper Released from Non-Brake Sources in the Bay Area

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles44 Fossil fuel combustion Wood burning Vehicle fluid leaks Exposed conducting wire used to power public transit systems Runoff from landfills Sources Not Included in this Inventory

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles45 Questions?

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles46 Architectural Copper Emission Factors Feature Emission Factor, kg copper/m 2 /y Standard Uncertainty in Emission Factor, kg copper/m 2 /y Copper roofs Roofs with copper- impregnated composite shingles Copper gutters

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles47 Estimating Pesticide Releases to Urban Soil Type of Use In California, kg copper in 2003 Adjusted Sales3,700,000 Adjusted Use in Agriculture, Excluding Application to Water Areas 2,000,000 Estimated Use as Marine Antifouling Coating660,000 Estimated Use as Algaecide350,000 Adjusted Use for Pressure-Treating Lumber35,000 Estimated Use as Root Killer20,000 Estimated Release to Urban Soil700,000

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles48 Adjusted Reported Agricultural Uses in the Bay Area Counties Countykg copper in 2003 San Mateo120 Santa Clara1,800 Alameda110 Contra Costa6,900 Solano130 Napa1,200 Sonoma9,000 Marin16,000 Total36,000

6/22/05 BPP Stakeholder MeetingProcess Profiles49 Surface Water Algaecide Use in the Bay Area Counties Surface Water Algaecide Use in the Bay Area Counties (values in kg copper) County Estimated Use as AlgaecideUse in Nonagricultural Rights of Way, Recreation Areas, and Public Health Adjusted Reported Use in Nonagricultural Water Area Adjusted Reported Use in Agricultural Water Area Alameda 1000 Santa Clara 050 San Mateo Contra Costa Solano Sonoma Napa Marin TOTAL 1,5001,900120