EARLY INDUSTRY 7.2

TRANSPORTATION OF THE 1800’S A REVOLUTION IN TRANSPORTATION EARLY 1800’S IN THE NORTHERN STATES ERIE CANAL GREAT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES NATIONAL ROAD – MAJOR EAST-WEST HIGHWAY (CUMBERLAND, MA TO WHEELING, VA) “CLERMONT” STEAMBOAT DESIGNED BY ROBERT FULTON (INCREASED RIVER TRAVEL AND CANAL BUILDING) RAILROADS – HELPED SETTLE THE WEST AND EXPAND TRADE AMONG REGIONS, CREATED MARKETS (CHEAP TRANSPORTATION), AND INCREASED DEMAND FOR IRON AND COAL

A NEW SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – BEGAN IN BRITAIN IN 1700’S (BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY) INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – BEGAN IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE 1800’S (“FREE ENTERPRISE” AND GENERAL INCORPORATION LAWS, NORTHEAST NEAR SWIFT-FLOWING STREAMS TO POWER FACTORIES, ENTREPRENEURS AND MERCHANTS) SAMUEL SLATER – TEXTILE MACHINE FRANCIS C. LOWELL – TEXTILE MILLS (MASS PRODUCTION OF COTTON CLOTH) ELI WHITNEY – INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS IN THE GUN-MAKING INDUSTRY SAMUEL F.B. MORSE – TELEGRAPH/MORSE CODE FOR SENDING MESSAGES (50,000 MILES OF TELEGRAPH WIRE CROSSED THE U.S.) SLATER LOWELL WHITNEY MORSE

THE RISE OF LARGE CITIES FARMS AND VILLAGES – PEOPLE MOVED TO CITIES FROM THE COUNTRY IN SEARCH OF FACTORY JOBS AND HIGHER WAGES (CITY POPULATION DOUBLED OR TRIPLED) DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONS – GROWING CITIES PROVIDED GROWING INDUSTRY (PUBLISHING INDUSTRY GREW TO SATISFY THE GROWING DEMANDS FOR READING MATERIALS) CITY OF THE 1800’S

WORKERS BEGIN TO ORGANIZE LABOR UNIONS WORKERS BEGIN TO ORGANIZE LABOR UNIONS – IMPROVE WORKING CONDITIONS BUT UNABLE TO SUPPORT STRIKES OR STOPPAGES (1820 – 1830) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES – LOWERED WORK HOURS TO 10 HOURS AND MADE STRIKES LEGAL (1840-1842)

FARMS OF THE 1800’S THE FAMILY FARM AGRICULTURE – COUNTRY’S LEADING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY (1800’S) FARMING – MORE IMPORTANT IN THE SOUTH THAN IN THE NORTH (NORTH BEGAN TO FOCUS ON MANUFACTURING AND THE SOUTH CONTINUED TO DEPEND ON AGRICULTURE AND SLAVERY)