IB Group Internal Assessment NIS: Rik Aikman, Wonwoo Choi FIS: Ji-Eun Park, Yumi Nishikawa

The Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Simulation Lab 1. Greenhouse Effect (Chemistry) Deep Sea Sequestering Acidification of Sea Water Results Effects on Marine Life 2. Deep Sea Sequestering (Biology) The Fundamentals of Electricity Generation How Wind Energy Works 3. Offshore Wind Farm 1 (Physics) (Physics) The Ecological Ramification of Wind Energy Experiment Lab Design Result 4. Offshore Wind Farm 2 (Biology) Looking back as a group 5. Self Reflection

Sun’s light Visible Ultraviolet Absorbed by O 3 Absorption & Emission

The Greenhouse Simulation Lab Vinegar + Baking Soda  Carbon Dioxide NaHCO 3 + CH 3 COOH  CH 3 COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2 Hypothesis If we create an atmosphere of carbon dioxide in the tank with the heat lamps on, then the temperature of the tank will rise because of the greenhouse effect.

Laboratory Demonstration Final Temperature (6 minutes after reaction) Tank A = +2.3 C Control = +0.1 C Tank/Time A Control Tank/Time A Control Tank/Time A Control

Storing CO2 in the sea Less CO2 in the atmosphere Acidifies the Ocean Dangerous for marine life

Acidification of sea water Lab Aim: State the pH sea, and compare the results of the pH values of the variety of waters with those affected by CO2. This is to show how CO2 affects the pH scale of seawater. Seawater is slightly alkaline, therefore we will start out with a blue color shown by the pH indicator.

Acidification of seawater

Results The seawater becomes lighter. Indicating that the seawater becomes more acidic if CO2 is added.

Effects on marine life The dissolution of carbon dioxide in sea water makes it more acidic. decrease in a very important form of inorganic carbon: the carbonate ion (CO32-). Numerous marine organisms such as corals, etc rely on carbonate ions to form their calcareous shells or skeletons in a process known as calcification. The concentration of carbonate ions in the ocean largely determines whether there is dissolution or precipitation of aragonite and calcite, the two natural polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), secreted in the form of shells or skeletons by these organisms. Today, surface waters are supersaturated with respect to aragonite and calcite, meaning that carbonate ions are abundant. This super saturation is also essential to keep these structures intact. Existing shells and skeletons might dissolve if pH reaches lower values, and the oceans turn corrosive for these organisms.

Faraday’s law of induction Induced Current The current obtained due to the relative motion between the coil and the magnet

How Wind Energy Works Kinetic energy  mechanical energy  electrical energy Bernoulli’s principle Magnetic rotor and copper wire Diagram of a wind energy generator

Although wind energy benefits us, it distracts marine animals vibration- vibration cause water movement, which gives distraction to fish, and its noise can disturb marine mammals’ vocal communication Electromagnetic field- the field distracts fish that are relying on geomagnetic field when moving As a result, marine animals migrate to different area or modify their behavior.

Experiment Aim: To make improvements in offshore wind farm from disturbing fish and its environment regarding effect of vibration and electromagnetic field. Procedure: Simulate offshore wind farm Make a large fish tank Use electric fan as a wind turbine

Lab Design

Result Solution/Time1 st 30 sec2 nd 30 sec3 rd 30 sec ControlSome stayed Most migrated Some stayed Most migrated 1 stayed 19 migrated Solution 1Most stayed Some migrated 18 stayed 2 migrated Half stayed Half migrated Solution 2Half stayed Half migrated Some stayed Most migrated 2 stayed 18 migrated Solution 3Some stayed Most migrated 3 stayed 17 migrated Most stayed Some migrated Result: Control: no materials Solution 1: planting water plant near the fan Solution 2: netting around the fan Solution 3: covering base of the fan with gravel

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