Biotechnology manipulates living things to make useful products. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OcG9q9cPqm4 4:41 “The Invisible Revolution” biotechnology 1. What are the “ethical” issues? - Agriculture - Industry/manufacturing 2. How do each affect the economy? - Medicine - Environment 3. What affect does biotechnology have - Energy - Careers on careers that are available? ************************************************************************************************ Aspects of biotechnology include: - specific genetic information available - careers - ethical issues - implications for agriculture - economic benefits to North Carolina Examples: Circle each one on your study guide. Crossbreeding Selective Breeding Genetic Modification Cloning Bioremediation

Three Basic Kinds of Biotechnology Tools Working with Cells: - stem cells 2. Working with Proteins - protein coat on cells 3. Working with Genes - genetic engineering

Crossbreeding: two different kinds of organisms are bred together Examples: Tiger + Lion

Liger (infertile)

Donkey + Horse A donkey and a horse will produce offspring called a ___________.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of cross breeding? Mule (infertile) What are the advantages and disadvantages of cross breeding?

Selective Breeding: the intentional mating of organisms to produce offspring with specific traits Examples: cows that have been observed producing large volumes of milk; breeding to pass traits on to ensuing generations have similar traits race horses bred for speed, distance dogs bred for particular traits (color, size, temperament, hypoallergenic)

Selective Breeding in Dogs The Australian Dinghound Originated in New Zealand, these dogs were used to herd sheep. They were brought to Australia in 1857 by Sir Sidney Melbourne. The Australians, not needing another breed of shepherd dog, bred the dogs with wild Dingoes. The result was a new breed of large shaggy black dogs wth unusual spotted markings. The Australians used the new breed to guard houses. Dinghounds proved valuable as watchdogs because of their ability to sense danger as well as insincerity. What advantages are there to selective breeding?

Selective Breeding: Wolf Ancestors What are the advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding?

Medicines Treatment of Diseases Vegetables Fruits Genetic Modification: changes the genetic material of a living organism Medicines Treatment of Diseases Vegetables Fruits Ethical Issues

What are some of the advantages of GM foods What are some of the advantages of GM foods?  Pest resistance  Herbicide tolerance  Disease resistance  Cold tolerance  Drought tolerance/salinity tolerance  Nutrition Put these examples in your notebook.  http://www.wxii12.com/news/local-news/piedmont/farmers-perpare-for-jack-frost/-/10703612/22599854/-/1034po8/-/index.html?absolute=true WXII News http://www.wxii12.com/news/local-news/piedmont/farmers-perpare-for-jack-frost/-/10703612/22599854/-/1034po8/-/index.html?absolute=true frost resistance

Continued: Advantages of GM Products  Pharmaceuticals: edible vaccines in tomatoes and potatoes; much easier to ship, store and administer than traditional injectable vaccines.  Phytoremediation: Plants such as poplar trees have been genetically engineered to clean up heavy metal pollution. What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetic modifications?

What do you think? Pros & Cons of GM Foods

GM Foods In U.S. Corn - Strawberries Soy bean - Zucchini Sugar cane - Pineapples Tomatoes - Cocoa Beans Potato - Yellow Squash Sweet Potatoes - Bananas This is a short list of the genetically modified food crops that are grown in the US today: Genetically modified cows can produce lactose free milk.

Cloning: three types of cloning technologies are: (This information will not be on your test. ) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning (2) reproductive cloning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QlWBnL0zjU mouse & ear http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7423618n woman grows ear on arm (3) therapeutic cloning (embryo cloning) What are the ethical Issues?

DNA of interest can then be reproduced in a foreign host cell (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning (This information will not be on your test. ) transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid DNA of interest can then be reproduced in a foreign host cell What are the ethical Issues?

(2) reproductive cloning (This information will not be on your test. ) Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, died at age 6. Dolly or any other animal created using nuclear transfer technology is not truly an identical clone of the donor animal. Dolly was only one success out of 276 tries.

Used to generate an animal that has the same Used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. - The reconstructed egg containing the DNA from a donor cell must be treated with chemicals or electric current in order to stimulate cell division. - Once the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage, it is transferred to the uterus of a female host where it continues to develop until birth. (This information will not be on your test. ) What are the ethical Issues?

(3) therapeutic cloning (embryo cloning) (This information will not be on your test. ) Goal is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease. Stem cells are important to biomedical researchers because they can be used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the human body. - Many researchers hope that one day stem cells can be used to serve as replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other diseases. What are the ethical Issues?

Biotechnology Applications to the Environment Bioremediation: the completely safe and natural process of cleaning up organic contaminants through the use of microbes (i.e. bacteria). Biotechnology Applications to the Environment Sewage spills Oil spills Gasoline contamination Toxic waste spills

Bioremediation

Bioremediation Before and After

Biotechnology & Energy Biomass fuels: - Eliminates harmful emissions - Renewable source of energy - Reduces our dependency on fossil fuels and other countries that supply them - Fewer contaminants enter waterways

Duke Energy & Duke University: methane project