Where are Ethnicities Distributed? C7S1

WHAT ARE YOU? What is your race? What is your Ethnicity? Is a group of people who share a biological ancestor. European African Asian Is an identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth. What is your Nationality? Is the nation-state in which you have citizenship.

How would you rank Race, Ethnicity, and Nationality in terms of most to least-important? Within the US/ Why? Ethnicity Race Nationality Outside the US/ Why? Nationality Ethnicity Race

Race Demographics Survey WESTON? WESTON White Black Asian White 86% Black 4.5% Asian 4.5% Other/Multi 5%

Ethnicity of Weston WESTON WESTON White Black Asian Hispanic (all races) White 45% Black 4.5% Asian 4.5% Hispanic 45% Other/ Multi 1%

Objectives Distribution of Ethnicities in the United States Differentiating Ethnicity and Race Spatially organized/ paterns on the landscape.

Distribution of Ethnicities in the United States More ethnic babies than white babies being born in the US today. White’s will be the minority by 2043 In 1960 whites were 80%. In 2060 they will be 37%.

Hispanics 15% (SW, ¼ CA, 1/5 TX, 1/6 FL/NY, 2/3 = Mexican)

African American 13% (SE, ¼ in AL, GA, LA, ML, SC MS) 9 states less than 1%)

Asian Americans 4% (West, 40% HI, ½ CA) ¼ Chinese 1/5 Indian/Filipino

American Indian 1% (SW & Plains)

Concentration of Ethnicities in Cities 90% Hispanics/ African Americans live in urban cities (i.e. Detroit Chicago, NYC/Los Angeles/San Antonio) Europeans immigrants migrated out of original ethnic neighborhoods. Why this is not true for African & Hispanics?

African American Migration Patterns 18th century: forced migration from Africa (Triangular Trade) 10 million + Africans shipped to the Americas (1/4 died along Middle Passage) 40% went to Brazil, 40% went to the Caribbean, 15% to Spanish colonies, 5% to North America Effects on Africa = separating families, destroying villages, cultural genocide Effects on America = Civil War between Proslavery South and Antislavery North and the fate of new states joining the Union 1865: 13th Amendment outlawed Slavery Post-slavery: sharecropper/ serfdom economy

Immigration North Early 20th century: two waves (WWI/ WWII) South to northern cities. Industrial jobs pulled sharecroppers north. East Coast route: Atlantic Southern states went to Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York East Central: Alabama, E Tennessee to Detroit, Cleveland West Central: Mississippi and W. Tennessee to St. Louis/ Chicago Southwest: Texas to California Detroit 1910: 5741 1930 120,000, 1950 300,000 1960 500,000

Expansion of the Ghetto Concentrated in Ghettos (public housing) 40,000 per sq kilometer compared to 2,000 suburb. Expanded ghettos in the 1950’s and 1960’s.

Differentiating Ethnicity and Race Race are transmitted genetically (Asian, African, Caucasian) Hispanic is ethnicity based on common culture) Asian in America is both race and ethnicity bc of ties to Asia. African- American: cultural ties/ Black: skin color) are different groups but ethnically grouped together because of history. Hispanic/Latino is not a race can be white, black, other Race is unpopular in labels because of the prejudged classification of a species that is highly variable physically. For example:

What Are You?

What Race is this Guy in?

How do Demographic data collected in America? Census: every ten years US takes a survey of the race/ethnicity of its citizens. 14 races/ethnicities 2000 census: persons can select more than one race. What % of Americans do you think identify multiracial?

Racism Legacy of Racism: belief that race is the primary determination of inherent superiority Can those who have been targets of Racism be Racists? (Reverse Racism)

Separate but Equal Doctrine US strongly discouraged racial interaction Plessy v Ferguson 1896 “Jim Crow” laws until 1964. Desegregation resulted “White Flight” (Detroit 1950: White pop 1.7 million/ Black pop 300,000. 2000: Black pop 850,000/ White pop 200,000) Blockbusting: practice at underselling white homes/ upselling to black families desperate to move out of the ghetto.

Division by Race in South Africa Dutch (Boers) vs British Late 20th century: SA adopted apartheid (physical separation of races) SA classified under black, white, colored, or Asian Determined where you could live, attend school, work, shop, and own land. Ten black “homelands” were created 1991 Apartheid was repealed/ Mandela became first democratically elected president. Today: white SA earn 10X more than black SA