University Vision and Mission  Vision: To be a world-class university and a leader in developing Saudi Arabia’s knowledge economy  Mission: To provide students with a quality education, conduct valuable research, serve the national and international societies and contribute to Saudi Arabia’s knowledge economy through learning, creativity, the use of current and developing technologies and effective international partnership.

Vision: upgrading the academic and research to keep pace with scientific progress and requirements of society. Mission: Development of Academic process and develop scientific research through strategic planning and a clear vision for science and technology at the country level. As well as training of national cadres, and the introduction of a methodology developed to meet the different needs of society, and to serve the various research and developmental projects in the community Botany department Vision and Mission

Scizocarp  A schizocarp is a dry fruit that develops from multiple carpels. When mature it splits up into mericarps. It have a stony pericarp, and usually only a single seed in each carpel matures, its often seeded. fruitcarpels

Scizocarp Kinds: 1)Carcerulus 2)Regma 3)Cremocarp 4) Lomentum

1- Carcerulus  Type of capsule (fruit) that grow from many carpels and breaks up on maturity into one- seeded segments or nutlets, as in the Labiatae and Malvaceae.capsule

2- Regma  A kind of dry fruit, consisting of three or more carpels, each which at length breaks open at the inner angle (as in Coca, develops of 3 corbels and geranium of 5)

3- Cremocarp  Formed from two fused one-seeded carpels. The carpels remain separate and form indehiscent mericarps that are attached to a central supporting strand (carpophore) for some time before dispersal. It is characteristic of the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae; carrot family).

4- Lomentum  A dry dehiscent fruit, developed fron a single or tow fused carples that contains one or more seeds. It resembles a legume but one ripening false spta divide the pod into one-seeded units or valves that fracture at maturity. The fruit has grooved rings from the outside splits when ripen but does not open and spread seeds.  If the fruit develop from a single carpel its called (lomentum pod as in Mimosa pudica). And if from two carpels with false barrier its called siliques as in radish.

Succulent “fleshy fruits”  Is a soft fruits, where all or part ot the fruiting cover is soft or succulent tissue such as oranges, tomatoes and grapes. The cover freshness help the distribution and dispersal of seeds and fruits  The Peri carp of this kind of fruit consists of three parts :  External (Epi carp), medial (Meso carp) and internal (Endo carp).

1.Epi carp: Usually consists of one row of tissue cells, sometimes covered with a thick Kiotin layer. 2)Meso carp  fleshy middle layer contains the vascular Bundle 3)Endo carp  The inside layer of fruit, which directly surrounds the seed. It may be membranous as in citrus, or thick and hard as in the stone fruits as in peaches plumbs).  1- drupe.2- Berry.3- Ppme

 1- Drupe  These fruits develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovaries. The fruits cover consist of three layers:carpelflowerssuperior ovaries 1. Outer then layer 2. Med layer : grease, fleshy or fabric. 3. Inner layer:  Typical drupes include peaches, plums, and cherries  The coconut is also a drupecoconut  Black butte blackberry, a bramble fruit of aggregated drupelets

 In coconut and walnut, the fruit grow from a fused carpel ovary. The fibrous mesocarp in coconut make it float on water. Inside the wooden part is the endosperm.mesocarp

2- Berry  a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a single ovary, superior as in grapes, orange and tomatoes. Or inferior ovary as in cucumber, bananas and pomegranate.fruit ovary  Its different that the inner layer is not hard it’s a soft tissue contains the seeds.  Its hare to recognize the med and inner cover as in grapes and tomatoes. But in date palms the tissue is soft and surrounds the seed. Bananas is a berry fruit with no seeds.

The lemon (Citrus lemon) is a hesperidium, a berry with a leathery rind. The exocarp (peel) contains volatile oil glands (essential oils) in pits. The fleshy interior (endocarp) is composed of separate sections (carpels) filled with fluid-filled sacs (vesicles) that are actually specialized hair cells.

The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is technically a botanical fruit referred to as a berry. Most of the interior tissue of a true berry is soft and fleshy.

The calyx is cut away on right fruit to show the numerous stamens. The fruit is technically a leathery-skinned berry containing many seeds, each surrounded by a juicy, fleshy aril.

The watermelon is a good example of a pepo (gourd), a berry with a hard, thick rind. The fruit out of a inferior ovary, fused carples and receptacle.

3- Pome  The seed-bearing ovary (core) is surrounded by a thick, fleshy hypanthium that is not part of the pericarp. It derived from the fusion of the bases of the perianth segments (petals and sepals). In the pome, the thickened, fleshy hypanthium is fused with the ovary wall.

It is not correct from the scientific point of view to call (outter, med and inner covers ) of this type of fruit, as the pome fruit is called also false fruit

Aggregate fruits  Aggregate fruit grow of multiple sepreated carples flower on a fleshy receptacle.  There are different types :  1- aggregate of achenes  2- Aggregate of follicles  3- Aggregate of drupelets  4- Aggregate of berries  5- Aggreagae of Samar

1- aggregate of achenes  As in rose, inside the receptacle cavity

2- Aggregate of follicles  As in sterculia and calotropis procers. The fruit consists of two or more pods

3- Aggregate of drupelets  As in rubus, where evey carple gives a drupelet, each aggregate cluster of fleshy drupelets developed from a single flower.

4- Aggregate of berries  As in Annonaceae

5- Aggregate of samar  As in Acer

Composite or multiple fruits  A composite fruit develops from a whole inflorescence. At ripening all the flowers in the inflorescence get fused to form multiple fruit. The peduncle and fused flowers also become fleshy. They have following types: 1)Sorosis 2)Syconium

1.Sorosis It develops from spike, catkin or a spadix. At maturity the ovaries, perianth leaves and peduncle becomes fleshy and get fused to form a composite fruit e.g. mulberry, jack fruit, pineapple

As in Ananas compsus

2. Syconus It develops from hypanthodium having a pear shaped receptacle which become fleshy and bears numerous achenes in inner surface e.g. fig, banyan etc.